Complications in Equine Surgery

36 28 Complications of the Postoperative Colic Patient Overview List of Complications Associated with Postoperative Colic Patient Pain/colic Incisional Complications Postoperative Reflux and Postoperative Ileus Diarrhea Intravenous Catheter‐Associated Complications Hemoperitoneum Enterotomy and Enterectomy Complications Septic peritonitis Postoperative Intraperitoneal Adhesions Metabolic Complications Endotoxemia/SIRS and shock Laminitis References

37 29 Complications of Surgery of the Rectum and Anus Overview List of Complications Associated with Surgery of the Rectum and Anus Intraoperative/Technical Complications Early Postoperative Complications Intraoperative Complications Reference

38 30 Complications of Abdominal Surgery: Incisional Hernia Overview List of Complications Associated with Hernia Repair Hernia Repair Methods Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications References

39 31 Complications of Equine Laparoscopy Overview List of Complications Associated with Equine Laparoscopy Standing Positioning Position: Dorsal Recumbency Epidural Sedation Anesthetic Blockade Access Insufflation Thermal Injuries Ligation Ligating Loops Stapling Devices Surgical Laser Vessel Sealing Ultrasonic Cutting and Coagulating Devices Cryptorchid Castration Ovariectomy Nephrosplenic Space Ablation Urinary Surgery Thorascopy References

40 32 Complications of Endoscopic Laser Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Endoscopic Laser Surgery Laser Surgery Methods Intraoperative Complications References

41 33 Complications Following Surgery of the Equine Nasal Passages and Paranasal Sinuses Overview Complications Associated with Surgery of the Equine Nasal Passages and Paranasal Sinuses Intraoperative/Technical Complications Trauma Early Postoperative Complications Late Postoperative Complications References

42 34 Complications in Pharynx Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Pharyngeal Surgery Laryngeal Tie Forward Early Postoperative Complications Late Postoperative Complications Staphylectomy Sternothyroideus Partial Myectomy Laser Palatoplasty References

43 35 Complications in Larynx Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Larynx Surgery Prosthetic Laryngoplasty Laser Ventriculo‐Cordectomy Partial Arytenoidectomy Epiglottic Entrapment References

44 36 Complications of Surgery for Diseases of the Guttural Pouch Overview List of Complications Associated with Surgery for Diseases of the Guttural Pouch Complications of Surgery for Guttural Pouch Empyema Complications of Surgery for Guttural Pouch Tympany Complications of Surgery for Guttural Pouch Mycosis Complications of Surgery for Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy (Middle Ear Disease) References

45 37 Complications of Equine Tracheal Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Equine Tracheal Surgery Intraoperative and Technical Complications Reference

46 38 Complications of Equine Thoracic Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Equine Thoracic Surgery Intraoperative and Technical Complications Early Postoperative Complications Late Postoperative Complications References

47 39 Complications of Testicular Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Testicular Surgery Complications Associated with Castration of Entire Stallions Complications Associated with Cryptorchidectomy References

48 40 Complications of Penile and Preputial Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Penile and Preputial Surgery Complications Associated with Partial Phallectomy Complications Associated with Segmental Posthetomy Complications Associated with the Bolz Technique of Phallopexy Complications of Corporeal Anastomosis to Resolve Priapism References

49 41 Complications of Ovarian and Uterine Surgery Overview List of Complications of Ovarian and Uterine Surgery Complications Associated with Ovariectomy Complications Associated with Total and Partial Ovariohysterectomy Complications Associated with Cesarean Section References

50 42 Complications of Vulvar, Vestibular, Vaginal, and Cervical Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Vulvar, Vestibular, Vaginal, and Cervical Surgery Complications Associated with Surgery to Resolve Vesicovaginal Reflux Complications Associated with Repair of a Cervical Laceration Cervical Wedge Resection for Treatment for Pyometra Complications Associated with Surgery to Repair a Third‐Degree Perineal Injury References

51 43 Complications of Urinary Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Urinary Surgery Intraoperative Postoperative References

52 44 Complications of Diagnostic Tests for Lameness Overview List of Complications Associated with Diagnostic Tests for Lameness Complications Encountered with Diagnostic Anesthesia Potential Influence of Diagnostic Anesthesia on Diagnostic Images Potential Complications of Diagnostic Imaging Techniques References

53 45 Complications of Synovial Endoscopic Surgery (Arthroscopy, Tenoscopy, Bursoscopy) Overview List of Complications Associated with Synovial Endoscopic Synovial Endoscopic Surgery Pre‐Planning Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications References

54 46 Complications of Equine Orthopedic Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Equine Orthopedic Surgery Osteosynthesis: Preoperative Patient Preparation to Decrease Risk and Complications Osteosynthesis: Intraoperative Complications Osteosynthesis: Common Complications in Specific Anatomic Sites Osteosynthesis: Recovery and Postoperative Complications References

55 47 Complications of Surgery of the Equine Foot Overview List of Complications Associated with Surgery of the Equine Foot Hemorrhage Surgical Site Infection Persistent/Recurring Infection Surgical Site Dehiscence and Excessive/Exuberant Granulation Tissue Formation New, Persistent or Recurrent Lameness Pathological Fracture of Distal Phalanx or Navicular Bone Iatrogenic Damage to Related Anatomical Structures Contraction, Deformation or Abnormal Growth of the Hoof References

56 48 Complications of Surgical Correction of Angular Limb Deformities Overview List of Complications Associated with Surgical Correction of Angular Limb Deformities Techniques to Correct Angular Limb Deformities Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications Conclusion References

57 49 Complications of Surgical Correction of Flexural Limb Deformities Overview List of Complications Associated with Flexural Limb Deformities Complications to Conservative Treatments Complications to Surgical Treatments Flexural Deformities Affecting Multiple Regions References

58 50 Complications of Splint Bone Fractures Overview List of Complications Associated with Splint Bone Fractures Intraoperative Complications Early Postoperative Complications Late Postoperative Complications References

59 51 Complications of Craniomaxillary and Mandible Fractures Overview List of Complications Associated with Craniomaxillary and Mandible Fractures Intraoperative and Technical Complications Early Postoperative Complications Late Postoperative Complications References

60 52 Complications of Tendon Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Tendon Surgery Intraoperative Complications Early Postoperative Complications Late Postoperative Complications References

61 53 Complications of Muscle Surgery Overview List of Complications Associated with Muscle Surgery Intraoperative and Technical Complications Early Postoperative Complications Late Postoperative Complications References

62 54 Complications of Regenerative Medicine Overview List of Complications Associated with Regenerative Medicine Immune Reaction Worsened Inflammation Ectopic Tissue Formation Excessive Fibrosis in Tendon or Ligament References

63 55 Complications of Osseous Cyst‐Like Lesions Overview List of Complications Associated with Osseous Cyst‐Like Lesions Damage to Surrounding Healthy Structures Fracture at Site on Trans‐Cortical OCLL Debridement Fracture at the OCLL Gas Emboli Enlargement of OCLL Inappropriate Screw Position References