Ларрі Вульф - Винайдення Східної Європи - Мапа цивілізації у свідомості епохи Просвітництва

73. Ibid., pp. 311–313.

74. Ibid., p. 315.

75. Ibid., p. 317.

76. Ibid., p. 318.

77. Ibid., p. 323.

78. Ibid., p. 327.

79. Elizabeth Craven, A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople: In a Series of Letters from the Right Honourable Elizabeth Lady Craven, to His Serene Highness the Margrave of Brandebourg, Anspach, and Bareith, Written in the Year MDCCLXXXVI (Dublin, 1789; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970), pp. 361–362; див. також: «Anspach, Elizabeth,» Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford Univ. Press), vol. I, pp. 508–509.

80. Craven, pp. 372, 377, 380.

81. Ibid., pp. 392–396.

82. Ibid., pp. 401–409.

83. Ibid., p. 5.

84. Ibid., pp. 146, 153, 156–157, 161–162.

85. Ibid., pp. 171–172.

86. Ibid., pp. 167–171.

87. Ibid., pp. 168, 174–175.

88. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Italian Journey: 1786–1788, trans. W. H. Auden and Elizabeth Mayer (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1982), pp. 115–116.

89. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Iphigenia in Tauris, trans. Charles E. Passage (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1963), pp. 21–22.

90. Craven, pp. 184, 191.

91. Ibid., pp. 194, 200, 205, 214–217.

92. Ibid., p. 225.

93. Ibid., pp. 233–234.

94. Ibid., p. 234.

95. Ibid., p. 247.

96. Ibid., pp. 248–249.

97. Ibid., p. 249.

98. Louis-Philippe, comte de Ségur, Mémoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur, vol. II, y кн.: Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle, vol. XX, éd. M. Fs. Barrière (Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859), p. 87.

99. Louis-Philippe, comte de Ségur, Mémoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur, vol. І, у кн.: Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle, vol. XIX, éd. M. Fs. Barrière (Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859), pp. 428–429.

100. Ibid., I, p. 425.

101. Ibid., II, pp. 34, 41.

102. Ibid., I, p. 429.

103. Ibid., I, pp. 429–430, 434.

104. Ibid., I, p. 436.

105. Ibid., I, pp. 436–437.

106. Ibid., I, pp. 438–439.

107. Ibid., II, pp. 1–2.

108. Ibid., II, p. 4.

109. Ibid., II, p. 6.

110. Ibid., I, pp. 422–423; II, p. 14.

111. Ibid., II, pp. 13, 30.

112. Charles-Joseph, prince de Ligne, Correspondance et pensées du prince de Ligne, y кн.: Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle, vol. XX, éd. M. Fs. Barrière (Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859), p. 72.

113. Ségur, II, p. 21.

114. Ibid., II, pp. 30–36.

115. Ibid., II, pp. 32, 41–43; Ligne, p. 69.

116. Ségur, II, p. 44.

117. Ibid., I, p. 423; Ligne, pp. 70–71.

118. Ségur, II, pp. 51, 55; Ligne, p. 75.

119. Ségur, II, p. 47.

120. Ibid., II, p. 54.

121. Ibid., II, pp. 57–58; Goethe, Italian Joumey, p. 318.

122. Ligne, p. 71; Goethe, Italian Joumey, p. 324.

123. Ségur, I, p. 374.

124. Ibid., II, p. 60; Ligne, p. 88.

125. Ségur, II, pp. 63–65.

126. Ibid., II, p. 64.

127. Ligne, pp. 73–74.

128. Ibid., p. 92.

129. Ségur, II, pp. 67–70; John T. Alexander, Catherine the Great: Life and Legend (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1989), p. 260.

130. Ligne, pp. 77–81; Goethe, Italian Joumey, pp. 26, 116, 124.

131. Ligne, p. 82.

132. Ibid., pp. 82–85.

133. Ségur, II, p. 72.

134. Ibid., II, pp. 72–74.

135. Ligne, p. 89.

136. Ségur, II, p. 85.

137. Ibid., II, pp. 96–97.

138. Ibid., II, p. 97.

139. Ligne, p. 86.

140. Ségur, II, p. 88.

141. Ibid., II, p. 90.

142. Ibid., II, pp. 87–89.

Розділ четвертий

Картографуючи Східну Європу

1. Voltaire, Histoire de Charles XII (Paris: Garnier-Flammarion, 1968), p. 113; J. B. Harley, «Maps, Knowledge, and Power,» y кн.: The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on the Symbolic Representation, Design and Use of Past Environments, ed. Denis Cosgrove and Stephen Daniels (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988), pp. 277–312.

2. Nicolas Sanson, Nouvelle introduction à la Geographie pour l’usage de Monseigneur le Dauphin: Par laquelle on peut apprendre en peu de temps et avec facilité la Geographie, et la Division de toutes les parties du Monde: les Empires, les Monarchies, Royaumes et Etats qui le composent séparément (Paris: Chez Hubert Jaillot, 1695), p. 25.

3. Leo Bagrow, History of Cartography, 2nd ed., ed. R. A. Skelton, trans. D. L. Paisey (Chicago: Precedent Publishing, 1985), pp. 174–175; див. також: Leo Bagrow, A History of the Cartography of Russia up to 1600, ed. Henry W. Castner (Ontario: Walker Press, 1975); та Leo Bagrow, A History of Russian Cartography up to 1800, ed. Henry W. Castner (Ontario: Walker Press, 1975).

4. Robert and Robert de Vaugondy, Atlas Universel, vol. I (Paris, 1757), p. 22.

5. Dmitri von Mohrenschildt, Russia in the Intellectual Life of Eighteenth-Century France (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1936), p. 212.

6. William Coxe, Travels in Poland and Russia, from Travels in Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, 5th ed. (London, 1802; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970), III, pp. 210–211.

7. M. S. Anderson, Britain’s Discovery of Russia 1553–1815 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1958), p. 80.

8. Jean Fabre, Stanislas-Auguste Poniatowski et I’Europe des Lumières: Etude de Cosmopolitisme (Paris: Editions Ophrys, 1952), pp. 380, 486, 669, note 62.

9. Fabre, p. 381.

10. Joseph Marshall, Travels Through Germany, Russia, and Poland in the Years 1769 and 1770 (London, 1772; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1971), pp. 179–180.

11. Marshall, pp. 179, 183.

12. Elizabeth Craven, A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople: In a Series of Letters from the Right Honourable Elizabeth Lady Craven, to His Serene Highness the Margrave of Brandebourg, Anspach, and Bareith, Written in the Year MDCCLXXXVI (Dublin, 1789; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970), pp. 249–250, 409.

13. Robert, Atlas Universel, p. 30.

14. Ibid., p. 21, 30.

15. Ibid., p. 30; див. також: François de Dainville, S.J., Le Langage des Géographes: Termes, Signes, Couleurs des Cartes Anciennes 1500–1800 (Paris: Editions A. et J. Picard, 1964).

16. Robert, Atlas Universel, p. 22.

17. Adam Zamoyski, The Polish Way: A Thousand-Year History of the Poles and Their Culture (New York: Franklin Watts, 1988), figure 112; Marshall, p. 184.

18. Norman Davies, God’s Playground: A History of Poland, vol. I (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1984), p. 542.

19. Piotr S. Wandycz, The United States and Poland (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1980), p. 49.

20. Sanson, pp. 3–7.

21. W. H. Parker, «Europe: How Far?» The Geographical Journal 126, Part 3 (Sept. 1960): 285.

22. Abel Mansuy, Le Monde Slave et les Classiques Français aux XVIe — XVIIe siècles, preface de Charles Diehl (Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, 1912), pp. 10–11; Parker, p. 281.

23. Mansuy, p. 16.

24. Samuel Fiszman, «The Significance of the Polish Renaissance and Baroque for Eastern Slavic Nations,» у кн.: The Polish Renaissance in Its European Context, ed. Samuel Fiszman (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1988), pp. 238–242.