Ларрі Вульф - Винайдення Східної Європи - Мапа цивілізації у свідомості епохи Просвітництва

99. Boscovich, p. 9.

100. Hass, «Europa,» Nürnberg, 1743; rpt. 1777 (Harvard); «Le Voyage d’un Danois,» 1744 (Harvard).

101. Boscovich, pp. xx, 190–191.

102. Robert Darnton, The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encydopédie 1775–1800 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1979), p. 8.

103. «Bohème,» Encydopédie: ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, nouvelle impression en facsimile de la première édition de 1751–1780 (Stuttgart: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1967), vol. II, p. 294.

104. «Bulgarie,» Encydopedie, II, p. 462.

105. John Lough, «Louis, Chevalier de Jaucourt (1704–1780): A Biographical Sketch, « The Encydopédie in Eighteenth-Century England and Other Studies (Newcastle upon Tyne: Oriel Press, 1970), pp. 25, 49–51.

106. Louis de Jaucourt, «Hongrie,» Encydopédie, VIII, p. 284.

107. Jaucourt, «Hongrie,» Encydopédie, VIII, pp. 284–285.

108. Ibid., VIII, p. 285.

109. Ibid.

110. Ibid., VIII, pp. 285–286.

111. Ibid., VIII, p. 286.

112. Jaucourt, «Pologne,» Encydopédie, XII, p. 925.

113. Ibid., XII, pp. 928–933.

114. Ibid., XII, pp. 925, 929, 934.

115. Ibid., XII, pp. 930–931.

116. Ibid., XII, p. 931.

117. Coxe, Travels in Poland and Russia, III, pp. 369–376.

118. Jaucourt, «Pologne,» Encydopédie, XII, pp. 931–934.

119. Jaucourt, «Russie,» Encydopédie, XIV, p. 442; Voltaire, Histoire de I’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand, p. 403.

120. Jaucourt, «Russie,» Encydopédie, XIV, p. 443; Voltaire, Histoire de I’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand, pp. 419–421.

121. Jaucourt, «Russie,» Encydopédie, XIV, p. 445.

122. Jaucourt, «Tartares,» Encydopédie, XV, p. 926; див. також: Alan W. Fisher, The Crimean Tatars (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1978).

123. Sanson, pp. 3–5.

124. Delisle, «L’Europe,» Paris, 1700 (Harvard); Zürner, «Europa,» 1712 (Harvard).

125. Jaucourt, «Tartares,» Encydopédie, XV, p. 920.

126. Ibid., XV, p. 921.

127. Robert de Vaugondy, Nouvel Atlas Portatif (Paris: Chez Robert, 1762), maps III, IV.

128. Jaucourt, «Tartares, « Encydopédie, XV, pp. 921–923.

129. Ibid., XV, pp. 924–926.

130. Jaucourt, «Europe, « Encydopédie, VI, pp. 211–212.

131. Robert de Vaugondy, «Géographie,» Encydopédie, VII, pp. 611–612.

Розділ п’ятий

Звертаючись до східної Європи

Частина 1. Росія Вольтера

1. Voltaire and Catherine, Correspondence, у кн.: Documents of Catherine the Great: The Correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767, ed. W. F. Reddaway (1931; New York: Russell & Russell, 1971), pp. 58, 77.

2. Rocque, «Carte Generale des Postes de l’Europe,» 1758 (Harvard).

3. Voltaire and Catherine, pp. 79, 124.

4. Ibid., p. 133.

5. Ibid., p. 181.

6. Ibid., p. 186.

7. Ibid., p. 1.

8. Ibid., p. 2; див. також: David Griffiths, «To Live Forever: Catherine II, Voltaire, and the Pursuit of Immortality,» у кн.: Russia and the World of the Eighteenth Century (Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishers, 1988), pp. 446–468; Isabel de Madariaga, Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great (New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press, 1981), pp. 327–342; та John T. Alexander, Catherine the Great: Life and Legend (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1989), pp. 97-142.

9. Carolyn H. Wilberger, Voltaire’s Russia; Window on the East, у кн.: Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, Vol. CLXIV, ed. Theodore Besterman (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation at the Taylor Institution, 1976), pp.54, 141.

10. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract, trans. Maurice Cranston (London: Penguin, 1968), p. 90.

11. Voltaire, Histoire de I’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand, у кн.: Оеиvres completes de Voltaire, Vol. 16 (Paris, 1878; rpt. Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint Limited, 1967), pp. 377, 427.

12. Voltaire and Catherine, p. 3.

13. Theodore Besterman, Voltaire, 3rd ed. (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1976), p. 406.

14. Voltaire and Catherine, pp. 3–6.

15. Ibid., pp. 48, 51.

16. Ibid., pp. 6–7.

17. Albert Lortholary, Le Mirage russe en France au XVIIIe siècle (Paris: Boivin, 1951).

18. Lortholary, pp. 74–76; Dmitri von Mohrenschildt, Russia in the Intellectual Life of Eighteenth-Century France (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1936), pp. 275–280.

19. Wilberger, p. 27.

20. Mohrenschildt, p. 32; Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, Memoirs of Louis XIV and his Court and of the Regency, vol. III (New York: Collier, 1910), p. 1011.

21. Lortholary, pp. 23–25.

22. Wilberger, p. 76.

23. Voltaire, Histoire de Charles XII (Paris: Gamier-Flammarion, 1968), p. 51.

24. Charles Secondat, baron de Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, trans. Thomas Nugent (New York: Hafner, 1949), I, p. 299.

25. Montesquieu, I, p. 299.

26. Lortholary, p. 33; Bêla Köpeczi, La France et la Hongrie au début du XVIIIe siècle: Etude d’histoire des relations diplomatiques et d’histoire des idées (Budapest: Akademi Kiado, 1971), pp. 603–604.

27. Wilberger, p. 32.

28. Voltaire, «Anecdotes sur le czar Pierre le Grand,» у кн.: Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire, Vol. 23 (Paris, 1878; rpt. Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1967), pp. 281–293.

29. Wilberger, pp. 33, 49.

30. Lortholary, p. 48.

31. Wilberger, p. 41.

32. Ibid., p. 43.

33. Ibid., pp. 124–127; Peter Gay, The Enlightenment: An Interpretation: The Science of Freedom (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977), p. 67.

34. Wilberger, pp. 52–53.

35. Ibid., pp. 37–38, 54–61.

36. Ibid., pp. 119–120; Voltaire, Histoire de I’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand, p. 586.

37. Wilberger, pp. 120–122; Voltaire, Histoire de I’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand, p. 589.

38. Wilberger, p. 46.

39. Ibid., pp. 45–47.

40. Voltaire, Histoire de I’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand, pp. 408, 415, 427.

41. Ibid., pp. 506–509.

42. Wilberger, pp. 278–279.

43. Voltaire, «Le Russe à Paris,» у кн.: Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire, vol. 10 (Paris, 1878; rpt. Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint Limited, 1967), p. 121.

44. Voltaire, Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand, pp. 456, 468.

45. Voltaire and Catherine, pp. 9-10, 15.

46. Ibid., pp. 15–18.

47. Voltaire, Histoire de I’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand, p. 408.

48. Voltaire and Catherine, pp. 17-9; Voltaire, Histoire de I’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand, p. 377.

49. Peter Gay, Voltaire’s Politics: The Poet as Realist, 2nd ed. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press, 1988), p. 180.

50. Voltaire and Catherine, p. 20.

51. Ibid., p. 23.

52. Ibid., pp. 25–27.

53. Ibid., pp. 28–29.

54. Ibid., pp. 33–34.

55. Ibid., p. 34.

56. Ibid., p. 35.

57. Ibid., pp. 38, 48.

58. Ibid., p. 60.

59. Ibid., pp. 73, 81–83, 90, 97.

60. Ibid., pp. 93, 100–101.

61. Ibid., pp. 117, 123–126.

62. Ibid., pp. 148–150.

63. Ibid., p. 162.

64. Ibid., p. 172.

65. Ibid., pp. 186–187.

66. Karl A. Roider, Austria’s Eastern Question 1700–1790 (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1982), pp. 132, 156–157.