Ларрі Вульф - Винайдення Східної Європи - Мапа цивілізації у свідомості епохи Просвітництва

Заволодіваючи Східною Європою

1. Giacomo Casanova, History of My Life, trans. Willard Trask, vol. 10 (London: Longman, 1971), p. 99.

2. Casanova, History of My Life, pp. 110–112.

3. Casanova, History of My Life, pp. 112–113.

4. R. R. Palmer and Joel Colton, «The Transformation of Eastern Europe, 1648–1740,» у kh.: History of the Modern World, 3rd ed. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965), p. 174; див. також: Jerome Blum, «The Rise of Serfdom in Eastern Europe,» American Historical Review 62, no. 4 (July 1957): 807–836.

5. Casanova, History of My Life, pp. 113–114.

6. Voltaire and Catherine, Correspondence, у кн.: Documents of Catherine the Great: The Correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767, ed. W. F. Reddaway (1931; New York: Russell & Russell, 1971), p. 159.

7. Casanova, History of My Life, p. 135.

8. Ibid., pp. 114–116; Casanova, The Life and Memoirs of Casanova, vol. I, trans. Arthur Machen, ed. George Dunning Gribble (1929; rpt. New York: Da Capo, 1984), p. 320.

9. Casanova, History of My Life, pp. 114–115.

10. Ibid., pp. 114–116.

11. Ibid., p. 119.

12. Casanova, The Life and Memoirs, p. 138.

13. Casanova, History of My Life, p. 120.

14. Ibid., p. 130.

15. Ibid., p. 118.

16. Ibid., p. 121.

17. Ibid., pp. 121–122.

18. Marquis de Sade, Juliette, trans. Austryn Wainhouse (New York: Grove Press, 1968), p. 891.

19. Casanova, History of My Life, pp. 124–125.

20. Ibid., p. 125.

21. Ibid., p. 127.

22. Ibid., pp. 129–130.

23. Ibid., p. 131.

24. Ibid., pp. 138–142.

25. Ibid., p. 132.

26. Ibid., p. 133.

27. Ibid., p. 154.

28. Ibid., p. 156.

29. Ibid.

30. Ibid.

31. Ibid., p. 177.

32. Ibid., p. 202.

33. Ibid.

34. Louis-Philippe, comte de Ségur, Mémoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur, vol. І, у кн.: Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France: pendant le 18e siècle, vol. XIX, éd. M. Fs. Barrière (Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859), pp. 300, 329.

35. Ibid., I, p. 331.

36. Ibid., I, p. 432.

37. Ibid., I, p. 343.

38. Ibid., I, p. 345.

39. Ibid., I, pp. 338–340.

40. Ibid., I, pp. 341–343.

41. Louis-Philippe, comte de Ségur, Mémoires, souvenirs, et anecdotes, par le comte de Ségur, vol. II, y кн.: Bibliothèque des mémoires: relatif à l’histoire de France, pendant le 18e siècle, vol. XX, éd. M. Fs. Barrière (Paris: Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1859), pp. 9-10.

42. Ibid., I, pp. 336–337.

43. Ibid., II, p. 79.

44. Ibid., II, p. 80.

45. Ibid.

46. Ibid., II, pp. 165–168.

47. Samuel Eliot Morison, John Paul Jones: A Sailor’s Biography (1959; New York: Time Incorporated, 1964), pp. 388–393.

48. Morison, p. 13.

49. Ibid., pp. 406–409; Ségur, II, p. 166.

50. Ségur, II, pp. 170, 178.

51. Bernard Lewis, The Emergence of Modem Turkey, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1968), pp. 48–49.

52. François de Tott, Mémoires du baron de Tott sur les Turcs et les Tartares (Amsterdam, 1785), «Discours préliminaire,» pp. vii-xxi; Tott, «Premiere partie» (I), p. 5.

53. Tott, «Seconde partie,» (II), p. 6; див. також: A. M. F. Verdy du Vernois, Essais de Géographie, de Politique, et d’Histoire sur les possessions de l’Empereur des Turcs en Europe: pour servir de suite aux Mémoires du Baron de Tott (London, 1785).

54. Tott, II, p. 11.

55. Ibid., II, pp. 12–13.

56. Ibid, II, pp. 14–15.

57. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, The Complete Letters of Lady Mary Worthy Montagu, ed. Robert Halsband, vol. I (1708–1720) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965), p. 311.

58. Tott, II, p. 17.

59. Ibid., II, pp. 18–20.

60. Ibid., II, pp. 21–23.

61. Elizabeth Craven, A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople: In a Series of Letters from the Right Honourable Elizabeth Lady Craven, to His Serene Highness the Margrave of Brandebourg, Anspach, and Bareith, Written in the Year MDCCLXXXVI (Dublin, 1789; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970), pp. 372, 382.

62. William Coxe, Travels in Poland and Russia, from Travels in Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, 5th ed. (London, 1802; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1970), I, pp. 389–390.

63. Ibid., I, p. 391.

64. Ibid., I, pp. 392-93.

65. Ibid., I, p. 392.

66. Ibid., II, p. 74.

67. Ibid.

68. Ibid., I, p. 390.

69. Gyula Antalffy, A Thousand Years of Travel in Old Hungary, trans. Elisabeth Hoch (Hungary: Kner, 1980), pp. 198–201.

70. Charles-Marie, marquis de Salaberry d’Irumberry, Voyage à Constantinople, en Italie, et aux îles de l’Archipel, par l’Allemagne et la Hongrie (Paris: Imprimerie de Crapelet, 1799), p. 89.

71. Ibid., p. 95.

72. Coxe, Travels in Poland and Russia, III, pp. 116–117; див. також: Anthony Cross, «The Philanthropist, the Travelling Tutor, and the Empress: British Visitors and Catherine II’s Plans for Penal and Medical Reform,» у кн.: Russia and the World of the Eighteenth Century, eds. R. P. Bartlett, A. G. Cross, and Karen Rasmussen (Columbus, Ohio: Slavic Publishers, 1988), pp. 214–228.

73. Coxe, Travels in Poland and Russia, III, p. 110.

74. Ibid., III, pp. 110–111.

75. Ibid.

76. Sade, Juliette, pp. 882, 885.

77. Joseph Marshall, Travels Through Germany, Russia, and Poland in the Years 1769 and 1770 (London, 1772; rpt. New York: Arno Press and New York Times, 1971), pp. 126, 167, 243.

78. John Parkinson, A Tour of Russia, Siberia, and the Crimea, 1792–1794, ed. William Collier (London: Frank Cass, 1971), p. 11.

79. Marshall, pp. 142, 147, 151.

80. Charles Secondat, baron de Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, trans. Thomas Nugent (New York: Hafner, 1949), vol. I, p. 235; Marshall, p. 143.

81. Marshall, pp. 146, 196.

82. Ibid., p. 188.

83. Ibid., pp. 122, 270–271, 308.

84. Peter Putnam, ed. Seven Britons in Imperial Russia 1698–1812 (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1952), pp. 125–140; and «Richardson, William,» Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford Univ. Press), vol. XVI, p. 1139.

85. William Richardson, Anecdotes of the Russian Empire: In a Series of Letters Written, a Few Years Ago, from St. Petersburg (London, 1784; rpt. London: Frank Cass, 1968), pp. 51–54, 203–206.

86. Ibid., pp. 6, 475.

87. Ibid., pp. 68–70, 215, 247.

88. Ibid., pp. 374–375; див. також: Franco Venturi, «From Scotland to Russia: An Eighteenth-Century Debate on Feudalism, «у кн.: Great Britain and Russia in the Eighteenth Century: Contacts and Comparisons, ed. Anthony Cross (Newtonville, Mass.: Oriental Research Partners, 1979), pp. 2-24.

89. Richardson, p. 193.

90. Ibid., pp. 193–196, 222.

91. Ibid., pp. 39, 417.

92. Ibid., p. 233.

93. Ibid., p. 197.

94. Ibid., p. 199.

95. Ibid., p. 239.

96. Ibid., pp. 240–241.

97. Ibid., pp. 242–243.

98. Ibid., p. 241.

99. Ibid., pp. 244–249.

100. Ibid., pp. 253–254, 453; та David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1966), chapter XIII.

101. Coxe, Travels in Poland and Russia, III, p. 133.

102. Ibid., III, p. 135.