Equine Reproductive Procedures

–200 days Introduction Technique: 55–90 Days of Gestation Technique: 90–150 Days of Gestation Technique: After 150 Days of Gestation Interpretation Reference Further Reading 73 Assessment of Late‐Term Fetal Well‐Being Introduction Technique Interpretation Reference Further Reading 74 Combined Thickness of the Uterus and Placenta Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Reference Further Reading 75 Placentitis: Diagnosis and Treatment Introduction Diagnosis Interpretation Therapy for Placentitis References Further Reading 76 Doppler Ultrasonography Introduction Technique for Assessing a Pregnant Mare and Fetus Technique for Assessing a Stallion Technique for Assessing Ovaries Further Reading 77 Prediction of Fetal Age Introduction Palpation Characteristics of the pregnant uterus Embryo Characteristics References Further Reading 78 Twin Reduction: Manual Technique Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 79 Twin Reduction: Transvaginal Aspiration Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 80 Twin Reduction: Cranio‐Cervical Dislocation Introduction Technique Interpretation Advantages of CCD Disadvantages of CCD Further Reading 81 Twin Reduction: Thoracic Compression Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 82 Twin Reduction: Transabdominal Fetal Cardiac Puncture Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 83 Elective Termination of Pregnancy Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 84 Abortion Diagnostic Evaluation: Sample Collection in the Field and Submission Introduction Technique Submission Protocols Samples for Submission Further Reading 85 Endocrine Evaluation of Pregnancy Introduction Hormonal Tests for Pregnancy Additional Comments Reference Further Reading 86 Treatment of Vaginal Varicosities Introduction Technique for Endoscopic Examination Technique for Laser Photocoagulation of Varicosities Using an Nd:YAG Laser Interpretation Reference Further Reading 87 Manual Correction of Uterine Torsion Introduction Technique for Manual Rotation of the Uterus Through the Cervix Technique for Rolling (“Plank in the Flank”) Interpretation Further Reading 88 Preparation for Foaling Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 89 Assessment of Mammary Gland Secretions to Predict Foaling Introduction Technique Further Reading 90 Assessment of pH of Mammary Gland Secretions to Predict Foaling Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 91 Monitoring of Peri‐Parturient Mares Using Video and Web Cameras Introduction Wired Camera Systems Wireless Camera Systems Internet/Web‐Based Camera Systems Interpretation 92 Foaling Alert: Vulvar Device Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 93 Positional Labor Alert Devices Introduction Halter Devices Halter Device Technique Girth Device Technique Biometric Technique Interpretation Further Reading 94 Induction of Parturition Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 95 Normal Foaling Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 96 Premature Separation of the Placenta Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 97 Dystocia Management Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 98 Dystocia Correction Introduction Technique Further Reading 99 Fetotomy Introduction Fetotomy Instruments Technique Specific Fetotomy Cuts Additional Comments Further Reading 100 Epidural Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 101 Induction of Lactation to Create a Nurse Mare Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 102 Screening to Prevent Neonatal Isoerythrolysis Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading

8 Part III: Postpartum Mare 103 Evaluation of Colostrum Specific Gravity Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 104 Evaluation of Colostrum Quality: Brix Refractometry Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Further Reading 105 Colostrum Banking Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Further Reading 106 Obtaining Milk from the Mare Introduction Hand Milking Technique Milk Pump Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 107 Placental Evaluation Introduction Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments Further Reading 108 Removal of Retained Placenta Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 109 Abdominocentesis Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 110 Uterine Prolapse Treatment Introduction Immediate Prolapse Treatment Technique for Replacing a Uterine Prolapse Interpretation Further Reading 111 Buhner Needle Placement of a Perivulvar Suture Introduction Technique Interpretation

9 Part IV: Stallion 112 Breeding Soundness Evaluation Introduction Examination Technique Interpretation and Additional Comments 113 Training the Stallion to Use a Phantom Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 114 Missouri Artificial Vagina Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 115 Colorado Model Artificial Vagina Introduction Technique for Assembly of the Colorado Model Artificial Vagina Additional Comments Further Reading 116 Roanoke Artificial Vagina Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 117 Hannover Artificial Vagina Introduction Technique Additional Comments References 118 Teaser Stallions Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 119 Standing Semen Collection Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 120 Collection of Semen Using an Open‐Ended Artificial Vagina Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 121 Chemical Ejaculation Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 122 Preparation of a Jump Mare or a Mare for Natural Cover Introduction Technique Additional Comments 123 Washing the Penis Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 124 Evaluation of Sexual Behavior Introduction Evaluation of Sexual Behavior Further Reading 125 Enhancement of Sexual Interest and Response Introduction General Health and Fitness Housing and Breeding Environment Handling for Breeding Stimulus Mare Endocrine Strategies for Boosting Stallion Sexual Interest and Arousal Psychotropics/Anxiolytics Further Reading 126 Management of Ejaculation Difficulty Introduction Handling for Breeding Techniques for Enhancing Ejaculation Pharmacological Aids Ground Semen Collection Additional Comments Further Reading 127 Calibrated Spectrophotometer Evaluation of Sperm Concentration Introduction Technique Using a Cuvette Technique Using a Microcuvette Technique Using a Chip Interpretation Further Reading 128 Hemocytometer Evaluation of Sperm Concentration Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 129 NucleoCounter ®Evaluation of Sperm Concentration and Viability Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 130 Visual Evaluation of Sperm Motility Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 131 Computer‐Assisted Sperm Analysis Technique Interpretation Motility Estimation Method 1 Additional Comments Further Reading 132 Eosin‐Nigrosin Staining in the Evaluation of Sperm Introduction Semen Staining Technique Semen Smearing Technique Interpretation Further Reading 133 Evaluation of Sperm Morphology Introduction Technique Classification of Sperm Abnormalities Abnormal Sperm Morphology Interpretation Additional Comments Further Reading 134 Determination of Daily Sperm Output Introduction Technique Additional Comments Reference Further Reading 135 Measurement of Testicular Size and Estimation of Daily Sperm Output Introduction Technique Interpretation Reference Further Reading 136 Wet Mount Evaluation of Sperm Introduction Preparation of a Wet Mount Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy Phase‐Contrast Microscopy Interpretation Further Reading 137 Diff‐Quik ®Evaluation of Round Cells and Sperm Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 138 Electron Microscopy of Constituents of Seminal Ejaculates Introduction Technique Additional Comments References 139 Bacterial Culture Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 140 Evaluation of pH and Osmolarity of Semen Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 141 Alkaline Phosphatase: A Marker for Ejaculation Introduction Technique Interpretation Reference Further Reading 142 Diagnosis and Management of Urospermia Introduction Testing for Urospermia Technique for the Management of Urospermia Interpretation Further Reading 143 Hemospermia Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 144 Semen Extenders and Sperm Media Semen Extenders Sperm Media References Further Reading 145 Preparation of Semen for Cooled Transport Introduction Technique Interpretation Semen Extension Worksheet Further Reading 146 Packing Semen for Cooled Transport Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 147 Longevity Testing of Sperm Introduction Technique Further Reading 148 Calculation of g Force for Centrifuging Semen Introduction Technique Reference 149 Centrifugation of Semen: Standard Technique Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 150 Centrifugation of Semen: Cushion Technique Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 151 Centrifugation of Semen: Selection of Motile Sperm Using a Single Layer Colloid Technique Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 152 Use of a SpermFilter Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 153 Semen Freezing Introduction Technique for Freezing Straws of Extended Semen Additional Comments Further Reading 154 Refreezing Semen Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 155 Thawing Frozen Semen Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 156 Semen Processing for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Introduction Sperm Processing Techniques Final Sperm Preparation Additional Comments References 157 Preparing a Vapor Shipper Introduction Disinfection Technique Filling Technique Interpretation Further Reading 158 Loading a Vapor Shipper Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 159 Maintaining a Long‐Term Frozen Semen Storage Tank Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 160 International Transport of Frozen Semen Introduction Qualification as an Approved Semen Collection Center Health Testing Requirements for Horses at the Collection Center Semen Processing Requirements Export Documentation EU Approved Semen Collection Centers vs Semen Storage Centers Additional Comments 161 Harvesting and Shipping Testes Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 162 Epididymal Sperm Recovery Introduction Technique Alternative Seminal Plasma Processing Interpretation Further Reading 163 Endoscopic Examination of the Urethra Introduction Technique Interpretation Additional Comments Further Reading 164 Endoscopic‐Guided Cannulation of the Seminal Vesicles Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 165 Palpation and Ultrasonography of the Testis, Epididymis, and Spermatic Cord Introduction Safety and Restraint Technique Interpretation Additional Comments Reference Further Reading 166 Palpation and Ultrasonography of the Accessory Sex Glands Introduction Anatomy Safety and Restraint Technique Interpretation Pathology of the Accessory Sex Glands Additional Comments References Further Reading 167 Radiographic Examination of the Penis Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 168 Testicular Biopsy and Aspiration Introduction Technique for an Incisional (Wedge) Biopsy Technique for a Split Needle Biopsy Technique for Fine Needle Aspiration Interpretation Reference Further Reading 169 Assessment of Sperm Plasma Membrane Integrity and Viability: Propidium Iodide/SYBR‐14 Introduction Stock Solutions Technique Interpretation Further Reading 170 Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 171 Hypo‐Osmotic Swelling Test Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 172 Assessment of Sperm Acrosomal Status: PE‐PNA Introduction Stock Solutions Technique Interpretation Further Reading 173 Assessment of Sperm Mitochondrial Function: JC‐1 and Rhodamine 123 Introduction Stock Solutions Technique Interpretation Further Reading 174 Equine Viral Arteritis Testing Introduction Technique Treatment Outcome and Prognosis Prevention Client Education References Further Reading 175 Diagnostic Endocrinology: Baseline Hormone Levels Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 176 Diagnostic Endocrinology: GnRH Stimulation Tests Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 177 Diagnostic Endocrinology: hCG Stimulation Test Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 178 Diagnostic Endocrinology: Estrogen Conjugate Assay Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading 179 Diagnostic Tests for Cryptorchidism Introduction Technique Further Reading 180 Probang Apparatus Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 181 Support Apparatus for Paraphimosis Introduction Technique Interpretation Further Reading 182 Equine Castration Techniques Introduction Technique Interpretation Additional Comments Further Reading 183 Stallion Acupuncture Introduction Technique Additional Comments Further Reading

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