Equine Reproductive Procedures

83 Chapter 98Figure 98.1 Elbow lock. Note the retained right front leg of the foal with t...Figure 98.2 Grasping the foal by the orbital rims using the thumb and middle...Figure 98.3 Grasping the foal by the nostrils using the thumb and middle fin...Figure 98.4 Grasping the inter‐mandibular space behind the incisors to hold ...Figure 98.5 Proper placement of a head snare over the poll, behind the ears,...Figure 98.6 Placement of a snare over the lower jaw.Figure 98.7 Congenital contracted tendons leading to dystocia in a mare.Figure 98.8 Retention of both fore limbs in an equine dystocia.

84 Chapter 99Figure 99.1 Fetotomy equipment: A, Krey hook; B, dystocia chains; C, obstetr...Figure 99.2 Head of a fetotome demonstrating a loop of fetotomy wire passed ...Figure 99.3 Handle end of the fetotome with a wire threader pulling the feto...Figure 99.4 Curved wire introducer. This model has a weighted head that scre...Figure 99.5 Wire handles in a closed position holding a fetotomy wire in bet...Figure 99.6 Embryotomy knife held in an open position. The thumb would be pl...Figure 99.7 Krey hook in an open position with an obstetrical chain attached...Figure 99.8 Placement of the fetotome for removal of the head and neck. The ...Figure 99.9 Fetotomy cut through the mid‐carpal region.Figure 99.10 Fetotomy cut through the mid‐tarsal region.Figure 99.11 Placement of the fetotome for removal of the front limb. The he...Figure 99.12 Placement of the fetotome for removal of a hind limb. The head ...

85 Chapter 100Figure 100.1 Location for the placement of an epidural. While raising and lo...Figure 100.2 Hanging drop technique – notice the drop in the hub of the need...Figure 100.3 Administration of the epidural.

86 Chapter 101Figure 101.1 A hand‐held manual milking device for mares (Ultimate Ez Milker...

87 Chapter 102Figure 102.1 Foal wearing a muzzle to prevent nursing. The mare was positive...

88 Chapter 103Figure 103.1 Components of the colostrometer design 1. The arrow is pointing...Figure 103.2 Floating the colostrometer design 1 inside a graduated cylinder...Figure 103.3 Reading the specific gravity of the colostrum using the colostr...Figure 103.4 Colostrometer design 2 floating in a graduated cylinder full of...Figure 103.5 Detailed view of the colostrometer design 2 floating in distill...

89 Chapter 104Figure 104.1 Brix refractometer.Figure 104.2 Placing a drop of colostrum on the prism of a Brix refractomete...Figure 104.3 View through the refractometer. The Brix score for this colostr...

90 Chapter 105Figure 105.1 Manual collection of colostrum into a plastic measuring cup. No...Figure 105.2 Collection of colostrum using an inverted 60 ml syringe.Figure 105.3 Straining colostrum through a cotton gauze filter.

91 Chapter 106Figure 106.1 Hand milking a mare.Figure 106.2 Use of a hand‐made milk pump.Figure 106.3 A hand‐held manual milking device for mares (Ultimate Ez Milker...

92 Chapter 107Figure 107.1 Placenta with the chorionic surface visible. A hippomane (arrow...Figure 107.2 Placenta with the allantoic surface visible.Figure 107.3 Close‐up showing the difference in thickness between the “pregn...Figure 107.4 Equine placenta in which the entire “non‐pregnant” horn (upper ...Figure 107.5 Cervical star area of the chorionic surface.Figure 107.6 Allantoic pouches from an equine placenta.Figure 107.7 Amnionic plaques from an equine placenta.Figure 107.8 Twisted umbilical cord from an aborted fetus.Figure 107.9 An ossified yolk sac remnant (arrow) from an equine placenta.Figure 107.10 Infected region of the chorionic surface in a mare with ascend...Figure 107.11 Placenta inflated with water.

93 Chapter 108Figure 108.1 Most of the chorioallantois can be delivered from the uterus wi...Figure 108.2 ‘Burns technique’ – pumping water into the allantoic cavity of ...Figure 108.3 Stallion catheter, hose connector (sweeper nozzle), and hose fl...Figure 108.4 Assembled hose connector, hose flow control valve, and hose.Figure 108.5 A small incision is made into an umbilical vein or artery using...Figure 108.6 A stallion catheter is threaded up the umbilical vessel until r...Figure 108.7 Water is slowly infused into the umbilical vessel using the flo...Figure 108.8 Plastic jug containing approximately 1 liter of water attached ...Figure 108.9 Placenta laid out in an “F” shape demonstrating that both uteri...Figure 108.10 Chorioallantois in which the entire non‐pregnant horn had been...Figure 108.11 Allantoic surface of the placenta. Matching vessels on the all...

94 Chapter 110Figure 110.1 Uterine prolapse.Figure 110.2 Elevation of a prolapsed uterus with a thick plastic garbage ba...

95 Chapter 111Figure 111.1 End of a Buhner needle with Buhner tape threaded through the ey...Figure 111.2 Buhner needle exited through dorsal incision, threaded, and abo...Figure 111.3 Buhner needle exited through same dorsal incision, threaded, an...Figure 111.4 Buhner tape tied ventral to the vulva.

96 Chapter 113Figure 113.1 Mare positioned in front of a phantom across a teasing wall to ...Figure 113.2 Stallion teasing an estral mare in stocks in close approximatio...Figure 113.3 Estral mare in hobbles positioned on the opposite side of a pha...Figure 113.4 Placement of an artificial vagina on the glans penis to stimula...Figure 113.5 Stallion mounted on a phantom with an extra person pushing the ...

97 Chapter 114Figure 114.1 Adapter cap, collection bottle (center), baby bottle liner (bel...Figure 114.2 Components put together and attached to the cone end of a Misso...Figure 114.3 Fully assembled Missouri artificial vagina.Figure 114.4 White dressing tape on the bottle and liner.Figure 114.5 Massage of the glans penis through the rubber cone to enhance s...

98 Chapter 115Figure 115.1 Colorado model artificial vagina and collection cover.Figure 115.2 Assembly stand with a Colorado model artificial vagina after in...Figure 115.3 Insertion of the latex liner into the artificial vagina case; n...Figure 115.4 Collection bottle attached to the latex liner.Figure 115.5 Collection bottle attached to a disposable collection liner wit...

99 Chapter 116Figure 116.1 Roanoke artificial vagina with a rubber liner. Note the large r...Figure 116.2 Hand position for holding the Roanoke artificial vagina during ...Figure 116.3 Roanoke artificial vagina with a disposable liner and collectio...

100 Chapter 117Figure 117.1 Hannover artificial vagina assembled with an inner disposable l...Figure 117.2 Hannover artificial vagina assembled with only an inner rubber ...

101 Chapter 118Figure 118.1 Teaser stallion wearing a leather apron during a test jump.

102 Chapter 119Figure 119.1 Washing a stallion’s penis with warm water and gloved hands to ...Figure 119.2 Hand position to stimulate the stallion’s penis. One hand is cu...Figure 119.3 Proper body position for standing semen collection. A Roanoke m...Figure 119.4 Stallion thrusting into a Roanoke model artificial vagina. A ha...

103 Chapter 120Figure 120.1 An open‐ended artificial vagina prior to semen collection.Figure 120.2 Attempting to place a disposable cup against the open end of th...

104 Chapter 121Figure 121.1 Crushing imipramine tablets prior to oral administration.Figure 121.2 Collection of chemically ejaculated semen using a pole and atta...Figure 121.3 Collection of chemically ejaculated semen using a collection cu...

105 Chapter 122Figure 122.1 Tail wrap prior to live cover or semen collection.Figure 122.2 Washing the perineum of a mare prior to live cover or semen col...Figure 122.3 Mare prepared for natural cover, with protective boots on the r...

106 Chapter 123Figure 123.1 The penis is cleaned from the base towards the glans using wate...Figure 123.2 The penis is dried from the glans toward the base using disposa...Figure 123.3 The penis is washed/rinsed using a disposable cup.Figure 123.4 Manual stimulation with one hand cupped over the glans penis an...Figure 123.5 Stallion kicking in response to washing of the penis with warm ...