Polymer Nanocomposite Materials

4 Chapter 5Table 5.1 A summary of the performances of flexible and stretchable pressure ...

5 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Summary of PTC models, their explanation, and defects.

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Nanomaterials peculiarities of size scale. Figure 1.2 Number of publications per year on “nanomaterials,” “nanocomposit... Figure 1.3 The graph on the left shows the function relationship between the... Figure 1.4 Significant properties of polymer nanocomposites.

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 (a) Photographs of the PS/graphene/toluene suspension prepared by... Figure 2.2 (a, b) The PEO/DNA nanofiber webs containing 5% DNA-dispersed DWN... Figure 2.3 (a) Schematic diagram illustrating the preparation procedure for ... Figure 2.4 (a) The fabrication process of PS–nanocarbon composite with inter... Figure 2.5 (a) Conductive textiles fabricated by dipping coating aqueous SWN... Figure 2.6 (a) Photograph showing the smart glove integrated with the fiber ... Figure 2.7 (a) SEM image showing the surface morphology of the composite ela... Figure 2.8 Schematic illustration of conductive networks formed by carbonace... Figure 2.9 Cyclic vapor sensing behavior of the nanofiber composite with dif... Figure 2.10 (a) The normalized resistance ( R / R 0) variation with temperature ...

3 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 Chemical structures of biodegradable polymers utilized for electr... Figure 3.2 A typical biodegradable thin film transistor (TFT).Figure 3.3 Various preparation methods of PLA based nanocomposites for elect...Figure 3.4 Preparation of (a) Schematic diagram of the preparation procedure...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Mostly studied spectral regions for photodetection, their corresp...Figure 4.2 (a) A typical structure of bulk heterojunction organic solar cell...Figure 4.3 (a) Simplified device structure schematic of PDi. The flow of the...Figure 4.4 (a) Schematic of a PD based on graphene. (b) Responsivity of the ...Figure 4.5 Illustration of the solution synthesis and processability of coll...Figure 4.6 (a) Schematic of a photoconductor based a PbS QDs film. (b) Spect...Figure 4.7 Schematic of a PD based the hybrid of graphene-MoS 2(a), graphene...Figure 4.8 (a) Schematic of a typical PDi based on the hybrid of polymer–org...Figure 4.9 Molecular structure of MEH-PPV (a) and CN-PPV (b). (c) Schematic ...Figure 4.10 (a) Molecular structure of several conductive polymers. (b) EQE ...Figure 4.11 (a) Molecular structure of P1 and P2.Figure 4.12 (a) Molecular structure of PNDI, PNDI-DPP10, PNDI-DPP30, PNDI-DP...Figure 4.13 (a) Molecular structure of the acceptor polymers of PNDI-5DD, PN...Figure 4.14 (a) Molecular structure of PBDB-T and PNDI-FT10; (b) schematic o...Figure 4.15 (a) Molecular structure of TQ1, PTB7-Th, and PNDI-T10; (b) schem...Figure 4.16 (a) Molecular structure of PB n DT-FTAZ and P(NDI2OD-T2); (b) HOMO...Figure 4.17 Molecular structure of MEH-PPV (a) and C 60(b). (c) Transient ph...Figure 4.18 Molecular structure of PCBM (a), PC 71BM (b), and DC-IDT2T (c).Figure 4.19 (a) Schematic representation of the PDi with the indented mask b...Figure 4.20 I – V curve of the control photoconductor (a) built on a bare glas...Figure 4.21 (a) The energy level diagram of the PD.Figure 4.22 (a) Device structure of the PD and the molecular structure of PF...Figure 4.23 (a) Molecular structure of PTOPT and POMeOPT. (b) Device structu...Figure 4.24 Molecular structure of Ir-125 (a) and Q-switch 1 (b); (c) energy...Figure 4.25 (a) Schematic diagram of MEH-PPV/nanocrystal composites, showing...Figure 4.26 (a) Transfer characteristics of a PD based on a composite of P3H...Figure 4.27 (a) Chemical structure of P3HT and PCBM, and cartoon of the PbS-...Figure 4.28 (a) Schematic illustration (left) and reproducible on/off switch...Figure 4.29 (a) Device structure of the PDi based on P3HT-PCBM-CdTe QDs blen...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Sensing mechanism of a capacitive pressure sensor.Figure 5.2 Schematic fabrication process of (a) the top electrodes and PVDF ...Figure 5.3 (a and b) SEM images of top electrodes. (c) Cross-sectional SEM i...Figure 5.4 Work principles of the capacitive pressure sensors with the flat ...Figure 5.5 Work principle of piezoresistive pressure sensors.Figure 5.6 (a) Fabrication process of the piezoresistive skin sensor based o...Figure 5.7 (a) Schematic illustrations showing work principles of the piezor...Figure 5.8 Schematic fabrication procedures of the piezoresistive pressure s...Figure 5.9 (a and b) SEM image of sandpaper template. (c and d) SEM images o...Figure 5.10 Characterization of the piezoresistive pressure sensor fabricate...Figure 5.11 Piezoelectric pressure sensing mechanism.Figure 5.12 (a) Schematics device structure and (b) interconnections between...Figure 5.13 The output of the PNG device with (a) forward and (b) reverse co...Figure 5.14 (a–c) Preparation procedure and photograph of LM-NPs. (d) Schema...Figure 5.15 Characterization of the self-powered tactile interface and senso...Figure 5.16 (a) Photograph of the skin sensor on human wrist. (b) Wrist puls...Figure 5.17 (a–c) Detection of press, bending, and twist forces. (d) Photogr...Figure 5.18 (a–c) Schematic diagram of texture roughness recognition of the ...Figure 5.19 Pressure sensor array based on PVDF/rGO polymer nanocomposite fo...Figure 5.20 Pressure sensor array fabricated with natural microcapsule actua...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 (a) In situ polymerization process of PAQS-FGS or PI-FGS nanocomp...Figure 6.2 (a) Synthetic approach for the copolymerization of allyl-terminat...Figure 6.3 (a) Schematic of Na 2PDHBQS/RGO. (b) Typical TEM images of Na 2PDHB...Figure 6.4 (a) Schematic illustration of the formation of CeO 2/ PANI nanocom...Figure 6.5 (a) Schematic diagram of the synthesis route of the PPy/GNS/MWCNT...Figure 6.6 (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation of 3D porous ternar...Figure 6.7 (a) The schematic illustration for copolymerization route of PIL-...Figure 6.8 (a) Schematic representation of the supercapacitor. (b) CVs of su...Figure 6.9 (a) Schematic depiction of combining process. (b) Results of rate...Figure 6.10 SEM images at a magnification of 2000× of (a) bare PVA, (b) PVA–...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Four working modes of TENG. (a) Vertical contact-separation mode....Figure 7.2 Bulk composite. (a) BaTiO 3nanoparticles (BTO NPs) embedded into ...Figure 7.3 (a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of PVA/MXen...Figure 7.4 (a) Fabrication process of porous PTNG using thermoforming-corros...Figure 7.5 (a) Fabrication process and (b) working principle of the conducti...Figure 7.6 (a) Schematic of the self-healing TENG. (b) Self-healing mechanis...Figure 7.7 (a) Schematic illustration of the soft TENG. (b) Self-healing mec...Figure 7.8 (a) Schematic illustration of self-healing TENG. (b) Optical imag...Figure 7.9 (a) Schematic of the TENG structure. (b) SEM images of the SMP mi...Figure 7.10 (a) Photograph of the healing process of the TENG. (b) Healing p...Figure 7.11 (a) Schematic diagram of the TENG, snapshot and SEM image of sod...Figure 7.12 (a) Structure design of the photothermal-controlled BD- i TENG. (b...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a) Current–voltage ( I–V ) characteristics curve of RSM. (b)...Figure 8.2 Schematics of different switching mechanisms. (a) Formation and r...Figure 8.3 (a) Cross sectional SEM image of Al/(0.5%) ZnO-NR: PMMA/ITO/Glass...Figure 8.4 (a) Cross-sectional SEM image of the fabricated device. (b) The r...Figure 8.5 (a) The complete fabrication process of the RSM device having the...Figure 8.6 (a) The complete schematic illustration of the alkali-lignin base...Figure 8.7 (a) The schematic illustration of RSM device fabrication having t...Figure 8.8 (a) The schematic diagram of electro-hydrodynamic coating techniq...Figure 8.9 (a) The fabrication of the ITO/TPD/(PEDOT:PSS/PVOH)/Ag device usi...