Self-Healing Smart Materials

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright

4 Preface

5 1 Self-Healing Polymer Coatings 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Extrinsic Self-Healing Polymer Coatings 1.3 Intrinsic Self-Healing Polymer Coatings 1.4 Remote Activation of Self-Healing 1.5 Perspectives and Challenges References

6 2 Smart Phenolics for Self-Healing and Shape Memory Applications 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Self-Healable Polybenzoxazines 2.3 Benzoxazine Resins for Shape Memory Applications 2.4 Conclusion References

7 3 Self-Healable Elastomers 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Self-Healing in Elastomers 3.3 Particular Cases in Different Elastomers References

8 4 Self-Healable Tires 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Self-Healable Rubber 4.3 Promising Strategy for Self-Healing Rubber-Based Material 4.4 Conclusion References

9 5 Self-Healing Bacterial Cementitious Composites 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Biomineralization for Self-Healing 5.3 Strategies to Enhance the Performance of Bacterial Self-Healing 5.4 Evaluation of Factors Affecting Bacterial Self-Healing 5.5 Conclusion, Future Prospective & Challenges References

10 6 Self-Healable Solar Cells: Recent Insights and Challenges 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Functional Mechanism of Protection Approaches 6.3 Advanced Self-Healable Polymeric Materials 6.4 Shape Memory Materials 6.5 Self-Healable Solar Cells 6.6 Conclusions References

11 7 Self-Healable Core–Shell Nanofibers 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Self-Healing Polymers in Fabrication of Core–Shell Nanofibers 7.3 Strategies for Core–Shell Nanofibers Fabrication 7.4 Methods of Fabrication of Self-Healing Core–Shell Nanofibers 7.5 Self-Healing in Laminated Composite 7.6 Beneficial Self-Repairing Systems on Basis of Core–Shell Nanofibers 7.7 Conclusion References

12 8 Intrinsic Self-Healing Materials 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Inverse Reactions and Chain Recombination 8.3 Reversible (Covalent) Bonds 8.4 Supramolecular Interactions 8.5 Conclusion References

13 9 Self-Healable Catalysis 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Self-Healable Catalysis Applications 9.3 Conclusion References

14 10 Self-Healing Materials in Corrosion Protection 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Self-Healing Definition 10.3 Inhibition of the Corroded Regions Thanks to the 10.4 The Imprisonment and Physical Release of the Inhibitor 10.5 Healing Using Polymerizable Agents 10.6 Conclusion and Outlook References

15 11 Self-Healable Conductive Materials 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Self-Healing Materials 11.3 Self-Healing Conductive Materials 11.4 Conclusion References

16 12 Self-Healable Artificial Skin 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Preparation and Properties of Artificial Skin 12.3 Applications of Electronic Skin 12.4 Conclusion References

17 13 Self-Healing Smart Composites 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Self-Healing Mechanisms and its Classifications 13.3 Self-Healing of Thermoplastic Materials 13.4 Self-Healing of Thermosetting Materials 13.5 Conclusions and Future Study References

18 14 Stimuli-Responsive Self-Healable Materials 14.1 Self-Healing Materials 14.2 Synthesis of S-H Materials 14.3 Types of S-H Materials 14.4 Need for Stimuli-Responsive Shape Memory (S-RSM) Materials 14.5 Stimuli-Responsive or Nonautonomous S-H Materials 14.6 Commercialization and Challenges 14.7 Conclusions References

19 15 Mechanically-Induced Self-Healable Materials 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Mechanically-Induced Self-Healing Based on Gel 15.3 Mechanically-Induced Self-Healing Based on Crystals 15.4 Mechanically-Induced Self-Healing Based on Composites 15.5 Mechanically-Induced Self-Healing for Corrosion 15.6 Conclusion References

20 16 Self-Healing Materials in Robotics 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Chemistry of Self-Healing (S-H) Materials 16.3 Working of Self-Healing (S-H) Material 16.4 Application of Self-Healing Robots 16.5 Approaches to Self-Healing 16.6 Material Application and Damage Resilience Mechanism 16.7 Conclusion References

21 17 Self-Healing Materials in Aerospace Applications 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Classification of Self-Healing Materials 17.3 Self-Healing Materials in Aerospace Applications 17.4 Conclusion References

22 18 Bio-Inspired Self-Healable Materials 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Repairing and Healing the Damage 18.3 A Systematic Biomimetic Approach 18.4 Self-Healable Materials: Case Studies 18.5 Applications of Bio-Inspired Self-Healable Materials—Examples 18.6 Conclusions and Outlook References

23 19 Self-Healable Batteries 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Development of Self-Healing Materials 19.3 Self-Healing Batteries 19.4 Conclusions References

24 20 Self-Healing in Bleeding Composites 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Self-Healing Materials and Their Repairing Approaches 20.3 Strategies of Self-Healing in Engineered Materials 20.4 Healing Agents, Comparison With Biological Phenomenon and Bleeding Mechanism in Self-Healing Composite Materials 20.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-Repairing Bleeding Composite Materials 20.6 Conclusion References

25 21 Self-Healing Polymers 21.1 Introduction 21.2 General Overview on Self-Healing Materials 21.3 Design of Self-Healing 21.4 Application of Self-Healing Materials 21.5 Specific Examples of Self-Healing Polymer 21.6 Conclusion and Recommendations References

26 Index

27 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Concept of healing mechanisms in microcapsule- (left column) and holl...Figure 1.2 Intrinsic healing mechanisms for thermosetting polymers. (a) Homogene...Figure 1.3 Images of a single PDMS microcapsule subjected to uniaxial tension at...Figure 1.4 (I)—SEM micrographs of crack in a coating with PU/PUF microcapsules (...Figure 1.5 (I)—Scheme of the sunlight induced healing mechanism: the crack break...Figure 1.6 Steel substrates coated with (a) CC1, (b) CC2 and (c) self-healing co...Figure 1.7 SEM images of the scratch of (a) BS-55, (b) CS-55, (c) SH-55, (d) BS-...Figure 1.8 (I) 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy), and a scheme showing its assoc...Figure 1.9 (I) Diels Alder reversible reaction. (II) (a) Synthesis of the tetraf...Figure 1.10 (I) Mechanopatterning of two different samples of thiol-ene based el...Figure 1.11 (I) Transesterification reaction between two β-hydroxyester groups. ...Figure 1.12 (I) Vitrimer with disulphide exchangeable bonds; cut and healing seq...Figure 1.13 (I) Healing efficiency of a TPU with different weight fractions of F...Figure 1.14 (I). (a)–(b) Optical microscopy images showing a healed sample, and ...Figure 1.15 (a) Pictures of the healing process of a PCL/PLA film containing Ag ...

2 Chapter 2 Scheme 2.1 Synthesis and representative structures for Novolac and Resole. Scheme 2.2 Synthesis of a 1,3-benzoxazine and production of a polybenzoxazine th... Scheme 2.3 Synthesis of end-chain coumarine functional benzoxazine macromonomers... Scheme 2.4 Synthesis of polybenzoxazine with augmented hydrogen bonds.Figure 2.1 The images of cut-healed PPO-Benz/Benz-COOH films. Scheme 2.5 Simplified mechanism of inverse vulcanization reaction of a benzoxazi... Scheme 2.6 Synthesis of recyclable and self-healable poly(benzoxazines-co-sulfid...Figure 2.2 Stress–Strain (%) behavior of 5 times chopped and healed PPOBenz40%–B... Scheme 2.7 Curing and subsequent light induced healing of PPO-Benz/BisBDiox syst...Figure 2.3 AFM pictures of PPO-Benz/BisBDiox before (a, c) and after irradiation... Scheme 2.8 Synthesis of polybenzoxazine-succinic anhydride thermoset.Figure 2.4 (a) Images showing the healing on the surface of sample film (b) Stor... Scheme 2.9 The structures of ortho functional mono and dibenzoxazines and their ... Scheme 2.10 Synthesis of polybenzoxazine-epoxy SMP.Figure 2.5 Photographs of polybenzoxazine-epoxy samples showing original (a), te... Scheme 2.11 Synthesis of crosslinked PCL-benzoxazine.Figure 2.6 Images for PCL/benzoxazine materials; Bending tests of PCL-(OH 2)/ ben... Scheme 2.12 Synthesis of Poly(Si-Bz) from bis(3-aminopropyl) terminated polydime...Figure 2.7 The images of cured Poly(Si-Bz)/FeCl 3film after healing. Arrow indic...Figure 2.8 Images of shape recovery behavior of cured Poly(Si-Bz)/FeCl 3film. Scheme 2.13 Metal–ligand bond breakage and reforming at certain temperature chan...