Bernardo Gut - Existenzielle Gewissheit und individuelle Beständigkeit

5.It is exactly the quoted Art. 20, 2 and its implications which are absent in the Declaration of Human Rights in Islam (Kairo, 5 thAugust 1990), presented by the Foreign Ministers of the Islamic States. All 25 Articles depend on the Sharia , and they basically express collective rights ( group-rights ), never independent individual rights. Furthermore: Women are declared to be «equal in dignity» to men, and «they have rights» (Art. 6), but they do not have the same rights as men. Here, as elsewhere, the ministers address collectives, not individuals.

6.A similar objection applies to authoritarian states, e.g. China, Russia, Venezuela, etc., where collective privileges dominate over any attempt to assert and activate an independent individual liberty. Individual liberties are also undermined by the widespread, increasing pressure to introduce collective privileges for all kinds of groups.

7.The independent, self-confident free personality remains the common danger and enemy of every authoritarian church, community, congregation, society, state. A recent example that corroborates these reflections is Luis Ladaria’s letter Placuit Deo, addressed to all the bishops of the Catholic Church (published by order of Pope Francis on the 22 ndFebruary 2018), in which he condemns the modern individualism as a renewal of the heresy of Pelagius , urging the believers to proselytize against it. The independent rational personality will always be the heretic par excellence.

In short: With The Idea of an Aggregate of Free, Independent Individuals I mean to draw the attention to three fundamental subjects: (i) The notion of a developing, free personality based on a potentially perennial Ego ; (ii) the individual’s innate need to enter in contact with his equals, engaging himself in a deliberative exchange of ideas and projects, and committed to encourage and offer support to every striving individual he or she meets; (iii) to keep in mind that the terms ‹aggregate› and ‹totality› refer to the individuals as such, who remain independent, in an open, liberal relation – and are not embodied in a community nor in any other kind of a collective closed group. – I am well aware that the realization of what has been outlined in the essay will always remain a delicate, fragile ideal.

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