Ko Un - Maninbo - Peace & War

Most of the cement blocks in its garden wall have crumbled,

the iron gates have rusted away.

Yi Jeong-gu, owner of that house,

lost his wife a year ago

and slowly went mad, aphasic.

Time just flows, flows on

as he mutters, mutters,

mutters from dawn when he wakes

till night when he falls asleep.

He mutters when the wind blows.

Mutters when it rains.

Mutters when it sleets.

A burglar broke into that house,

heard the incessant muttering from the bedroom,

threw up his hands and ran away.

It happened that a rumour spread

of a Goryeo celadon vase in that old house.

Who knows, maybe someone had already taken it,

leaving behind just the muttering within.

Creepers have grown so wild in the garden

someone could easily be lost and bound…

‘Even now, when it rains

I leave the window open

lest I miss the sound

of footsteps

as you approach in the rain.’

Ever since the 4 January retreat in 1951,

he lived in the South,

husband of a divided couple

in a divided country,

never taking a second wife,

sleeping alone in a simple cot.

He settled in Busan and established a modest hospital.

Nobody was ever sent away;

sick and poor,

all received treatment and his loving touch.

For that, he became the model for the protagonist

of Yi Gwang-su’s novel Love .

It was to meet Jang Gi-ryeo, that holy figure,

like big brother meeting younger brother,

like younger brother meeting big brother,

that the great Quaker teacher Ham Seok-heon,

using other errands as his excuse,

so often travelled down to Busan from Seoul.

There was once a hawk that had three heads:

with one it looked forward,

with one it looked behind,

and one it turned

to look up and down.

Soaring high into the sky, way up,

it took aim at all of Joseon’s corrupt officials.

That’s him , and him , and

there he is.

It dived with sharp eyes glaring,

tore at them with its ferocious beak.

In the name of the people,

it hunted out all the grasping officials

so prevalent in the 400 years of the Joseon Era,

sparing but the two hundred men who were clean-handed.

Wondrous!

When the people’s most ardent wishes and rancour

ran to the high heavens,

the three-headed hawk went flying up.

During the 1970s he never stuck his head above water.

While infiltrating this or that dark, dank factory

here and there in Incheon,

he earned several vocational certificates.

He gladly threw away his diplomas

from Seoul National University’s Business College and other such.

In the factories he was a respectable Homo Faber .

Face like a white candle,

face like a white goat,

but in his brown eyes

a single unwavering resolve

undeterred through decades

would blaze furtively for an instant

then sink back again out of sight.

Since he’d resolved to spend his life united with the workers,

he was known to very few friends

throughout the 70s.

He never surfaced, devoting the intensity of his youth to this task.

He cared nothing for fame or distinction

or any of that, not then nor later in life.

And to his death, he chose to set aside

that other desperate self who had kept a conscious record

of all the tortures he had undergone.

After the Democratic Youth Association incident

he did not turn toward groups of intellectuals.

He turned to the poor

and took as wife

one of his comrades

who lived among them.

His face was invisible among the dissidents of the 70s.

His address was a slum,

unlit,

in the darkness after the moon has set.

With that dignity and manly seriousness

a mother admires in a son-in-law,

the more he tried to be modest,

the more he was like a kimchi jar buried in the ground.

‘Try to live with contradictions.’

If you lived in the face of such contradictions, you would know:

it’s hard just being one of the common folk.

He was fastidious through and through.

He was extreme to a fault.

That is why, even in prison,

after carefully folding up his bedding

he would wipe the cell floor

with a rag, several times.

What purity the word ‘enemy’ had

when it sprang to his lips

with no hint of eloquence.

He was fastidious even with his comrades.

He remained fastidious

when later he disappeared

in the midst of the Gwangju massacre.

and crossed the Pacific hidden in the bottom of a boat

in the darkness,

in the darkness,

and became Political Exile Number One.

His wife, Shin Hye-su, did not want him to become a pastor.

His mother wanted her son to be a pastor.

He himself so far had no thought of becoming a pastor.

He was simply the son of an admiral,

a graduate in engineering.

He was sentenced to twenty years imprisonment

for the Democratic Youth Association incident,

but he refused to appeal and became a convict.

That was his starting-point.

He hurled himself into the YH sit-in incident in 1979

that paved the way for the collapse of President Park’s Yushin regime.

Few could compete with him as an organiser.

Wherever he went

he found something to do

which never failed

to lead to yet greater things.

He had a tragic tenacity,

like the sticky sap emerging from the stump

after a large tree is felled.

A tragic tenacity…

even in his glad smile on meeting you after a long absence.

In 1970, the young labourer Jeon Tae-il died.

In 1979, the working girl Kim Gyeong-suk of YH Trading plunged to her death

from a rally on the 4th floor of the New Democratic Party building in Mapo.

By dying, one opened an age;

by dying, one closed the age.

Behind the grave of Kim Gyeong-suk stands the grave of Park Chung-hee.

Go and see.

From the information service at Yeongdeungpo police station

he was transferred to Gangseo police station as soon as it opened,

to the No. 2 intelligence section there,

and throughout the Seventies

his job was to accompany one poet everywhere.

The pomade he used

to slick down

his thick hair

smelt disgusting at first

but his companion got used to it.

Whenever that poet went to preside at a wedding

he went along too.

When the poet went to a bar

he’d sit over on the far side

with a glass.

Then,

if the poet went to the bathhouse

after a night’s drinking,

he’d go along too,

get into the hot tub naked with him,

and learned to switch between hot and cold tubs.

When the poet went to lecture in Busan, Gwangju, Daegu,

he went along.

When orders came from above,

he’d deploy a combat police unit to keep the poet from leaving home.

A bright-eyed, trustworthy man,

he often wore a blue shirt.

He was reliable but had problems with his wife,