Ko Un - Maninbo - Peace & War

Those descended from the nobility, from the yangban class,

understood well how yangban worshipped their ancestors.

They were themselves the robbers

of the grave sites.

The robber brothers, Yu Seung-ok and Yu Guk-hyeon,

were direct descendants from yangban

who had been expert at digging up graves.

By day they had looked most fine,

their way of clearing their throats had great dignity.

When a ripe watermelon is cut open

it is red and dignified.

The French robbers who in times past

dug up the grave of Prince Namyeon,

they must have looked fine too.

The Writers’ Council for the Practice of Freedom

had no office,

so if the chairman was walking along a street,

that street was the office,

the bar where the secretary was sitting was the office.

It was the second dissident group

that the Park Jung-hee government decided to eliminate.

When they got together in a bar

outwardly it might have looked as if they were enjoying a drink,

but secretly

they were discussing a rally or a declaration on the situation

they planned to issue a few days later.

Eom Ok-nam

was sure to appear at every such gathering,

saying he admired writers with such upright minds.

At times he would pay for a third round of drinks,

contribute some bulgogi ,

even buy the chairman a new suit.

That tall Eom Ok-nam with large whites to his eyes

was a police agent who reported every detail

to the CIA headquarters on Mount Namsan.

He only pretended to be a fan of the writers.

Later it was learned

he was separated from his wife,

had been kicked out

after extorting money from his wife’s family.

When he went to the bath house

he would come out four hours later,

saying:

‘Ah, I feel better now.’

When Ham Seok-heon was a child

at a village school in Yongdangpo, North Pyeongan province,

the teacher of the calligraphy class

took great care of the students,

stooping over them

as they wrote one character after another.

His students also had to learn

to grind the ink steadily

and hold the brush firmly.

He would snatch the brush from an awkward student’s hand.

Grabbing the boy’s hand from behind, he would say:

‘You little brat,

how will you make your writing strong

if you hold your brush as weakly as that?

‘Japanese writing may be pretty,

but our writing must above all be strong.’

Something like a mass of red-bean gruel

hangs dangling,

off almost the whole left side of her face.

It looks as if gruel boiled up

for some time

before stopping where it did.

Seen one way, it is gruel,

another, a human face.

Luckily or unluckily,

the eye and eyebrow on the right side are attractive.

Notwithstanding,

during her lifetime

she had a husband,

gave birth to sons and daughters,

and now her grandchildren run away from her.

Jeong Jeom’s grandmother with her red-bean gruel

wears double-decker gold rings,

two, in case one might seem insufficient,

on her quite swollen finger.

Not only her face: her finger too is weighed down.

They never made a hit.

But though they would never be famous

they were people who just loved singing,

regardless of the season, spring or autumn

Among those singers,

was a sensible girl.

who lived near the bank of Wansan stream on Omokdae Hill in Jeonju.

Having heard of her

somehow or other,

a middle-aged singer came to visit

from Geumgu in Gimje at the foot of Moak Mountain

His traditional jade-green coat and white rubber slippers were gorgeous.

Bowing politely, he said:

‘I have come to hear your unusual voice.’

The young girl greeted him just as politely.

Then the girl and the man

spread a rush mat on Omokdae Hill,

brought out drum and fan,

tested the drum. They worried

the drum’s leather had grown slack because of the weather

or its strength been sapped for lack of use.

‘I have neither natural talent nor good discipline,’

said the man,

‘so please listen with a generous heart.

First I will sing a danga

inviting you to sing.’

The man sang a danga :

‘Flowers are blooming on this hill and that…’

Once his sometimes sonorous,

sometimes delicate singing ended,

he bowed politely

and took back the drumstick.

Now the girl rose softly to her feet,

lifted her scarlet skirts slightly,

opened the fan,

began the first passage from the Song of Chunhyang.

Her dazzling voice,

flowing over and pouring out,

joined with the stream below.

The man rose, saying:

‘I have heard most precious singing.’

The girl stood there, replying:

‘Oh no, not at all.

I am humbled and grateful that you have listened.

May you have a safe journey home.’

A passage in Kakou Senda’s

Military Comfort Woman says :

An old Korean woman of sixty

living in Japan

was never able to return to her own country.

In the colonial period

she was a sex slave for Japanese soldiers.

Some days she serviced 300 or 320.

Don’t be surprised.

If each man took a minimum of three minutes,

that means she lay there for seventeen hours with legs spread.

In spite of that, she did not die.

This happened in the South Pacific, in remote Rabaul.

It might have been better

had she been bitten by a cobra and died.

Because of the soldiers’ inflamed desire,

having never seen a woman for months and months,

the women never had a day off.

That comfort woman,

that old Korean Japanese woman

died beside a small brazier in an old tatami room.

Skin covered her bones,

clothes covered her skin,

so she was no longer a comfort woman.

I will not mention her name here.

One very cold day in January, 1978, thirteen or fourteen below zero,

there were some 130,000 shacks on the outskirts of Seoul,

housing one and a half million people

who leased with key money deposits,

or rented some of the smallest, just 5 pyeong in size

or 12.

All told, one-fifth of Seoul’s seven and a half million

lived in shacks

on the banks of streams,

on hillsides,

on scraps of suburban land.

Shacks covered with planks and roofing,

in Sadang-dong,

Bongcheon-dong,

Sillim-dong,

Siheung-dong,

Changsin-dong,

on the banks of Cheonggye Stream, Jungnang Stream.

One latrine for twenty households:

fierce fights at the latrines from early morning on.

An abandoned child

in a steep alley between the shacks

in Sadang 4-dong

was fourteen years old

but looked thirty.

What’s your name?

Ju Man-seok.

The naked child stood with his penis bluish in the cold,

his drooping penis looked forty.

And yet,

and yet,

a smile remained,

a flower-like smile,

or rather,

that of a child with chronic intestinal problems,

a dried-up smile.