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Jonathan Kirsch - A History of the End of the World

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Название:
A History of the End of the World
Автор:
Jonathan Kirsch
Издательство:
HarperCollins
Жанр:
Публицистика / История / Религиоведение / на английском языке
Год:
2006
Город:
New York
ISBN:
978–0–06–081698–8
Рейтинг книги:
4 / 5. Голосов: 1
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A History of the End of the World: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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“[The Book of] Revelation has served as a “language arsenal” in a great many of the social, cultural, and political conflicts in Western history. Again and again, Revelation has stirred some dangerous men and women to act out their own private apocalypses. Above all, the moral calculus of Revelation—the demonization of one’s enemies, the sanctification of revenge taking, and the notion that history must end in catastrophe—can be detected in some of the worst atrocities and excesses of every age, including our own. For all of these reasons, the rest of us ignore the book of Revelation only at our impoverishment and, more to the point, at our own peril.” The mysterious author of the Book of Revelation (or the Apocalypse, as the last book of the New Testament is also known) never considered that his sermon on the impending end times would last beyond his own life. In fact, he predicted that the destruction of the earth would be witnessed by his contemporaries. Yet Revelation not only outlived its creator; this vivid and violent revenge fantasy has played a significant role in the march of Western civilization.
Ever since Revelation was first preached as the revealed word of Jesus Christ, it has haunted and inspired hearers and readers alike. The mark of the beast, the Antichrist, 666, the Whore of Babylon, Armageddon, and the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are just a few of the images, phrases, and codes that have burned their way into the fabric of our culture. The questions raised go straight to the heart of the human fear of death and obsession with the afterlife. Will we, individually or collectively, ride off to glory, or will we drown in hellfire for all eternity? As those who best manipulate this dark vision learned, which side we fall on is often a matter of life or death. Honed into a weapon in the ongoing culture wars between states, religions, and citizenry, Revelation has significantly altered the course of history.
Kirsch, whom the
calls “a fine storyteller with a flair for rendering ancient tales relevant and appealing to modern audiences,” delivers a far-ranging, entertaining, and shocking history of this scandalous book, which was nearly cut from the New Testament. From the fall of the Roman Empire to the Black Death, the Inquisition to the Protestant Reformation, the New World to the rise of the Religious Right, this chronicle of the use and abuse of the Book of Revelation tells the tale of the unfolding of history and the hopes, fears, dreams, and nightmares of all humanity.

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25. Malone, Women and Christianity, 2:111, 112.

26. Scivias , quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 101.

27. Richard K. Emmerson, “Introduction: The Apocalypse in Medieval Culture,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Revelation, 298.

28. Bernard McGinn, “Apocalypticism and Church Reform: 1100–1500,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 83–84.

29. Bernard McGinn, “Apocalypticism and Church Reform: 1100–1500,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 83.

30. Quoted in Robert E. Lerner, “Millennialism,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 341.

31. Quoted in David Burr, “Mendicant Readings of the Apocalypse,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 96.

32. Robert E. Lerner, “The Medieval Return to the Thousand-Year Sabbath,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 65–66.

33. Peter John Olivi, Commentary on Revelation, quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 208–09.

34. Marjorie Reeves, “Dragon,” in Drane, Revelation, 31.

35. Paraphrased and quoted in Robert E. Lerner, “Millennialism,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 352.

36. Quoted in Gian Luca Potestà, “Radical Apocalyptic Movements in the Late Middle Ages,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 125 (adapted; “The world will be filled with indignation…”); and Robert E. Lerner, “Millennialism,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 352 (adapted; “Many princes, nobles and mighty ones…”).

37. Roberto Rusconi, “Antichrist and Antichrists,” in Apocalypticism, 306.

38. Robert E. Lerner, “Millennialism,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 353, 354.

39. Robert E. Lerner, “Millennialism,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 351–52.

40. Robert E. Lerner, “Millennialism,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 332 (adapted). (Lerner is referring here specifically to the so-called Tiburtine Sibyl.)

41. Quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 218–19 (adapted).

42. Quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 220–21.

43. Quoted in Richard K. Emmerson, “Introduction: The Apocalypse in Medieval Culture,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 318–19.

44. Quoted in Malone, Women and Christianity, 2:131–32 (adapted).

45. Malone, Women and Christianity, 2:177, 178.

46. Rev. 3:8 (KJV).

47. Rev. 7:2, 10:1, 10:6 (KJV, RSV).

48. Paraphrased in Gian Luca Potestà, “Radical Apocalyptic Movements in the Late Middle Ages,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 120.

49. Quoted in Malone, Women and Christianity, 2:211.

50. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 159.

51. Rev. 2:19, 2:20 (RSV; adapted).

52. Quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 19. (The fragment from Heracleitus is preserved in the writings of Plutarch.)

53. McGinn, Visions of the End, 50.

54. McGinn, Visions of the End, 50.

55. Bernard McGinn, “Apocalypticism and Church Reform: 1100–1500,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 92.

56. Quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 169.

57. Roberto Rusconi, “Antichrist and Antichrists,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 303.

58. Quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 190 (adapted).

59. McGinn, Visions of the End, 188.

60. Robin Barnes, “Images of Hope and Despair: Western Apocalypticism: ca. 1500–1800,” in Apocalypticism, 154.

61. Rev. 9:1 (KJV).

62. Quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 150.

63. Rev. 16:12 (KJV).

64. Robert E. Lerner, “Millennialism,” in Apocalypticism, 343.

65. Richard K. Emmerson, “Apocalyptic Themes and Imagery in Medieval and Renaissance Literature,” in Apocalypticism, 406.

66. Robin Barnes, “Images of Hope and Despair: Western Apocalypticism: ca. 1500–1800,” in Apocalypticism, 156. (Raimarus’s calculations are “reckoned from 1596”).

67. Richard K. Emmerson, “Apocalyptic Themes and Imagery in Medieval and Renaissance Literature,” in Apocalypticism, 402 (adapted).

68. Rev. 20:12 (KJV; adapted).

69. Penn Szittya, “Domesday Bokes: The Apocalypse in Medieval English Literary Culture,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalpyse, 374, 375.

70. Quoted in Roberto Rusconi, “Antichrist and Antichrists,” in Apocalypticism, 298.

71. Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of Britain, quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 183.

72. Henry IV, Part 2, act 5, scene 3, lines 40–45, quoted in in Richard K. Emmerson, “Apocalyptic Themes and Imagery in Medieval and Renaissance Literature,” in Apocalypticism, 426.

73. Quoted in Richard K. Emmerson, “Introduction: The Apocalypse in Medieval Culture,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalpyse, 324.

74. Rev. 12:4 (RSV).

75. See, e.g., Ronald B. Bond, “Whore of Babylon,” in Drane, Revelation, 54.

76. Dante, Inferno, 19:106–8, quoted in Richard K. Emmerson, “Apocalyptic Themes and Imagery in Medieval and Renaissance Literature,” in Apocalypticism, 431–32.

77. Dante, Purgatorio, 33:43, quoted in Ronald B. Herzman, “Dante and the Apocalypse,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalpyse, 401.

78. Quoted in Schüssler Fiorenza, Apocalypse, 8.

79. Bernard McGinn, “Revelation,” in Alter and Kermode, Literary Guide, 529.

80. Quoted in McGinn, 529 (adapted).

81. Quoted in Roberto Rusconi, “Antichrist and Antichrists,” in McGinn, Apocalypticism, 311 (“[T]he true Antichrist…”), 312 (“I do not know…”).

82. “Against Hanswurst,” quoted in Ronald B. Bond, “Whore of Babylon,” in Drane, Revelation, 54.

83. Jean-Robert Armogathe, “Interpretations of the Revelation of John: 1500–1800,” in Apocalypticism, 187–88.

84. Rev. 19:13, 15 (KJV).

85. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 50.

86. McGinn, Visions of the End, 89.

87. Quoted in McGinn, Visions of the End, 92–93 (adapted).

88. Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 51.

89. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 55.

90. Quoted in Cohn, 237, 239, 247 (adapted).

91. Robin Barnes, “Images of Hope and Despair: Western Apocalypticism: ca. 1500–1800,” in Apocalypticism, 163.

92. Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, 271.

93. Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, 268 (adapted).

94. Quoted in Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, 272.

95. Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, 275.

96. Quoted in Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, 274.

97. Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, 278.

98. Gian Luca Potestà, “Radical Apocalyptic Movements in the Late Middle Ages,” in Apocalypticism, 133.

99. Tizio, “the Sienese chronicler,” quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 80.

100. Quoted in Van Paassen, Crown of Fire, 50.

101. Rev. 18:12–13 (RSV).

102. Quoted in de la Bedoyere, Meddlesome Friar, 28.

103. Robin Barnes, “Images of Hope and Despair: Western Apocalypticism: ca. 1500–1800,” in Apocalypticism, 145.

104. Quoted in Van Paassen, Crown of Fire, 63.

105. Quoted in Van Paassen, Crown of Fire, 114.

106. Quoted in Van Paassen, Crown of Fire, 178.

107. Quoted in Van Paassen, Crown of Fire, 180.

108. Quoted in de la Bedoyere, Meddlesome Friar, 34.

109. Van Paassen, Crown of Fire, 230.

110. Van Paassen, Crown of Fire, 230.

111. Van Paassen insists that only illustrated copies of Petrarch and Boccacio, featuring “miniatures of a salacious character,” were burned. Van Paassen, Crown of Fire, 234.