31. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 211.
32. Ehrman, Jesus, 7.
33. Lindsey, Apocalypse Code, 186.
34. Lindsey, Apocalypse Code, 131–32.
35. Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 126.
36. Lindsey, Apocalypse Code, 137.
37. Lindsey, Apocalypse Code, 97.
38. Rev. 16:13 (KJV).
39. Lindsey, Apocalypse Code, 166.
40. Zech. 14:12 (KJV), quoted in Lindsey, Apocalypse Code, 175.
41. Lindsey, Apocalypse Code, 175.
42. Lindsey, Apocalypse Code, 5 (“the Best Seller”), 103 (“Future Fuehrer”), 122 (“Scarlet O’Harlot”), 146 (“World War III”), 111 (“Jewish Billy Grahams”), 137 (“The ultimate trip”).
43. Lindsey, Apocalypse Code, 144.
44. Quoted in Ehrman, Jesus, 10.
45. Ehrman, Jesus, 10.
46. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 142.
47. Quoted in Halsell, Prophecy and Politics, 45.
48. Ezek. 30:3, 30:5, 38:22 (KJV; adapted).
49. Quoted in Halsell, Prophecy and Politics, 44–45.
50. Quoted in Halsell, Prophecy and Politics, 47.
51. Quoted in Halsell, Prophecy and Politics, 48.
52. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 141.
53. O’Leary, Arguing the Apocalypse, 177.
54. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 142.
55. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 143 (adapted).
56. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 143.
57. Rev. 17:5 (KJV).
58. Quoted in Halsell, Prophecy and Politics, 48.
59. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 10.
60. The Omen .
61. The Omen .
62. Stephen D. O’Leary, “Apocalypticism in American Popular Culture: From the Dawn of the Nuclear Age to the End of the American Century,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 422 (adapted).
63. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 12.
64. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 239.
65. Wagar, Terminal Visions, 3.
66. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 142–43.
67. http://www.newhumanist.com.uk.
68. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 145.
69. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 138.
70. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 138.
71. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 299.
72. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 232.
73. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 236.
74. Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/).
75. Playboy interview quoted in Robert Scheer, “Hullabaloo Over Lust Lasts 20 Years,” Los Angeles Times, December 17, 1996, http://www.robertscheer. com/; Matt. 5:28 (KJV; adapted).
76. Matt. 25:35 (NKJ).
77. Graham, Approaching Hoofbeats, 188–89, 192, 196.
78. LaHaye, Beginning of the End, 1973 (adapted).
79. Quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 146.
80. Quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 146.
81. Num. 19:2 ff.
82. Quoted in Gorenberg, End of Days, 16.
83. Gorenberg, End of Days, 154.
84. Rev. 18:11 (RSV).
85. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 208.
86. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 207.
87. Quoted in Dowd, “Rapture and Rupture.”
88. Gorenberg, End of Days, 162.
89. Chafets, “Rabbi Who Loved Evangelicals.”
90. Quoted in Goldberg, May 24, 2002.
91. Quoted in Halsell, Prophecy and Politics, 138.
92. Paul Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 172.
93. Quoted in Barkun, Culture of Conspiracy, 43.
94. Quoted in Gorenberg, End of Days, 240.
95. Quoted in Goldberg, May 24, 2002.
96. Quoted in Dowd, “Rapture and Rupture.”
97. Quoted in Goldberg, May 24, 2002.
98. 1 Kings 18:20-40.
99. Quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 289.
100. Thompson, End of Time, 289.
101. Quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 289.
102. Thompson, End of Time, 290.
103. Thompson, End of Time, 294.
104. Thompson, End of Time, 288.
105. Rev. 5:5 (RSV).
106. Thompson, End of Time, 294.
107. Thompson, End of Time, 291, quoting comments by David Koresh to FBI negotiators during the siege in 1993.
108. Rev. 6:2 (KJV).
109. Rev: 6:9–10 (KJV).
110. Rev. 6:11 (KJV; adapted).
111. Thompson, End of Time, 297.
112. Thompson, End of Time, 298.
113. LaHaye, Beginning of the End, 8.
114. LaHaye and Jenkins, Left Behind, 16.
115. Lampman, “Apocalyptic.”
116. Quoted in Gorenberg, End of Days, 31.
117. Quoted in Lampman, “Apocalyptic.”
118. Quoted in Lampman, “Apocalyptic.”
119. Gorenberg, “Intolerance: The Bestseller.”
120. Gorenberg, “Intolerance: The Bestseller.”
121. “A Library of Quotations on Religion and Politics by George Bush,” citing Times-Picayune (New Orleans), December 25, 1999, http://www.beliefnet.com/.
122. Suskind, “Without a Doubt.”
123. Christianity Today.
124. Christianity Today.
125. Wills, New York Times, March 30, 2003 (New York Times Premium Ser vice; adapted).
126. http://www.newhumanist.com.uk.
127. Quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 311. (Robertson is here referring to George H. W. Bush.)
128. Barkun, Disaster and the Millennium, 146.
129. Quoted in McGinn, “Revelation,” in Alter and Kermode, Literary Guide, 523.
130. Schüssler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 8.
131. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 260 (adapted).
132. Fasching, Auschwitz and Hiroshima, 303–4.
133. Fasching, Auschwitz and Hiroshima, 303.
134. Barkun, Disaster and the Millennium, 59.
135. Quoted in Douglas Robinson, “Literature and Apocalyptic,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 363.
136. Thompson, End of Time, 129.
137. Saïd Amir Arjomand, “Islamic Apocalypticism in the Classic Period,” in Apocalypticism, 239, quoting Q. 22:7, Q. 40:59 (61), and Q. 82:5.
138. Quoted in Gorenberg, End of Days, vi.
139. Quoted at Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/).
140. Eric Hoffer, True Believer (1951), quoted in Cottle, “Prayer Center,” 24.
141. Barkun, Disaster and the Millennium, 15.
142. Paul D. Hanson, “Introductory Overview,” in “Apocalypses and Apocalypticism,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1:282 (“…hearten the faithful…”); Rowley, Relevance of Apocalyptic, 47 (“…those engulfed by suffering…”).
143. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 94.
144. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 228.
145. Thompson, End of Time, xiv.
146. Quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 339.
147. Gorenberg, End of Days, 211.
148. Mark 14:17 (KJV).
149. K. C. Cole, personal communication with the author.
150. Rev. 1:8 (KJV).
151. Deut. 29:29 (JPS).
152. Deut. 30:19 (JPS).
153. Mic. 6:8 (TNK) (“…do justice…”); Isa. 58 (TNK) (“…share your bread…”).
Amillennialism.See Millennialism.
Antimillennialism.See Millennialism.
Apocalypse.Derived from the Greek word that literally means “unveiling” ( apokalypsis ), an apocalypse is the disclosure of something that has been concealed. “Revelation” is derived from the Latin word ( revelatio ) for the same concept, and both words have been used as the title of the last book of the New Testament. As used by biblical and literary scholars, an apocalypse is a text in which the author purports to reveal divine secrets. Among the features that are commonly found in the genre are a human author who writes under the name of a biblical character and a heavenly figure who conducts the human author on a “guided tour” of heaven or earth.
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