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Jonathan Kirsch - A History of the End of the World

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Название:
A History of the End of the World
Автор:
Jonathan Kirsch
Издательство:
HarperCollins
Жанр:
Публицистика / История / Религиоведение / на английском языке
Год:
2006
Город:
New York
ISBN:
978–0–06–081698–8
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4 / 5. Голосов: 1
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“[The Book of] Revelation has served as a “language arsenal” in a great many of the social, cultural, and political conflicts in Western history. Again and again, Revelation has stirred some dangerous men and women to act out their own private apocalypses. Above all, the moral calculus of Revelation—the demonization of one’s enemies, the sanctification of revenge taking, and the notion that history must end in catastrophe—can be detected in some of the worst atrocities and excesses of every age, including our own. For all of these reasons, the rest of us ignore the book of Revelation only at our impoverishment and, more to the point, at our own peril.” The mysterious author of the Book of Revelation (or the Apocalypse, as the last book of the New Testament is also known) never considered that his sermon on the impending end times would last beyond his own life. In fact, he predicted that the destruction of the earth would be witnessed by his contemporaries. Yet Revelation not only outlived its creator; this vivid and violent revenge fantasy has played a significant role in the march of Western civilization.
Ever since Revelation was first preached as the revealed word of Jesus Christ, it has haunted and inspired hearers and readers alike. The mark of the beast, the Antichrist, 666, the Whore of Babylon, Armageddon, and the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are just a few of the images, phrases, and codes that have burned their way into the fabric of our culture. The questions raised go straight to the heart of the human fear of death and obsession with the afterlife. Will we, individually or collectively, ride off to glory, or will we drown in hellfire for all eternity? As those who best manipulate this dark vision learned, which side we fall on is often a matter of life or death. Honed into a weapon in the ongoing culture wars between states, religions, and citizenry, Revelation has significantly altered the course of history.
Kirsch, whom the
calls “a fine storyteller with a flair for rendering ancient tales relevant and appealing to modern audiences,” delivers a far-ranging, entertaining, and shocking history of this scandalous book, which was nearly cut from the New Testament. From the fall of the Roman Empire to the Black Death, the Inquisition to the Protestant Reformation, the New World to the rise of the Religious Right, this chronicle of the use and abuse of the Book of Revelation tells the tale of the unfolding of history and the hopes, fears, dreams, and nightmares of all humanity.

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64. Paul Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 151, 152.

65. Martin E. Marty, “The Future of No Future,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 462.

66. Quoted in Paul Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 154.

67. Paul Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 156.

68. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 174.

69. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 93.

70. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 94.

71. Scofield, Scofield Reference Bible, 1342 n. 2.

72. Isaac Haldeman, The Signs of the Times (1910), quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 95.

73. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 62.

74. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 62.

75. Quoted in Cohn-Sherbok and Cohn-Sherbok, Jewish and Christian Mysticism, 145.

76. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 299.

77. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 95.

78. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 182.

79. Brian E. Daley, “Apocalypticism in Early Christian Theology,” in Apocalypticism, 13.

80. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 183.

81. Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 89.

82. Domb, Transformation, vii, 133.

83. Rev. 22:20 (KJV).

84. Quoted in Klagsbrun, Voices of Wisdom, 442.

85. Dubnow, History of the Jews, 1:205.

86. Dubnow, History of the Jews, 1:206.

87. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 136.

88. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 138–39.

89. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 140.

90. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 140.

91. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 141.

92. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 144.

93. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 144–45.

94. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 145–46.

95. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 188.

96. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 190.

97. Arthur W. Pink, The Redeemer’s Return, quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 54.

98. Deut. 32:41–42 (TNK; adapted).

99. James H. Moorhead, “Apocalypticism in Mainstream Protestantism, 1800 to the Present,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 88, 89, 89, quoting Bibliotheca Sacra (1907) (“…queer bird…”) and Biblical World (1910) (“…highly imaginative Jewish thought…”).

100. Paul Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 154.

101. Quoted in James H. Moorhead, “Apocalypticism in Mainstream Protestantism, 1800 to the Present,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 95.

102. Quoted in James H. Moorhead, “Apocalypticism in Mainstream Protestantism, 1800 to the Present,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 99.

103. Paul Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 159.

104. Quoted in Stephen J. Stein, “Apocalypticism Outside the Mainstream in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 123.

105. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 100–101.

106. Fussell, Great War, 24.

107. Dan. 11:3–4 (KJV; adapted).

108. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 103.

109. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 103.

110. Ezek. 39:1 (JPS; adapted).

111. E. L. Langston, Great Britain, Palestine, Russia and the Jews (1918), quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 186.

112. Langston, Great Britain, Palestine, Russia and the Jews (1918), quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 186.

113. Rev. 22:17 (KJV).

114. Colwell, Study of the Bible, 100–101 (adapted).

115. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 108–9.

116. Rev. 13:16 (KJV).

117. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 180 (adapted).

118. Rev. 17:5 (KJV).

119. Quoted in Weber, Living in the Shadow, 109.

120. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 110.

121. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 110.

122. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 218.

123. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 111.

124. Quoted in Shirer, Rise and Fall, 240.

125. Thompson, End of Time, 129.

126. Thompson, End of Time, 129–30 (adapted).

127. From a newspaper interview with Norman Cohn quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 130.

128. Rev. 4:6 (RSV).

129. James A. Hijiya, “The Gita of Robert Oppenheimer,” Proceedings of the Americna Philosophical Society, 144:2 (June 2000), 123–67.

CHAPTER 7: THE GODLESS APOCALYPSE

1. On the Beach.

2. On the Beach (adapted).

3. Stephen D. O’Leary, “Apocalypticism in American Popular Culture: From the Dawn of the Nuclear Age to the End of the American Century,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 396.

4. Susan Sontag, “The Imagination of Disaster,” in Sontag, Against Interpretation, 215.

5. Dick and Zelazny, Deus Irae, 29.

6. Dick and Zelazny, Deus Irae, 29.

7. The Omega Man .

8. Stephen D. O’Leary, “Apocalypticism in American Popular Culture: From the Dawn of the Nuclear Age to the End of the American Century,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 400.

9. Dr. Strangelove .

10. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 150. (The quote is taken from Blessed Assurance, a 1986 study of attitudes toward nuclear war and religion conducted by A. G. Mojtabai.)

11. Boyer, When Time Shall Be, x, 255.

12. Boyer, When Time Shall Be, x, 255.

13. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 234.

14. Huffey, Hallelujah Side, 65.

15. Rev. 1:7 (KJV).

16. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 106–7.

17. Donald Grey Barnhouse, Eternity, December 1945, quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 118.

18. Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 137.

19. Quoted in Paul Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 164–65 (adapted).

20. M. R. DeHaan, quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 320 (“Every single inhabitant…”); Reiner Smolinski, “Apocalypticism in Colonial North America,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 62 (“…the ratio between the eternally lost and saved…”); S. Dwight Coder, quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 242 (“…the Lord is going to judge…”).

21. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 244.

22. Wilburt Smith, quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 235.

23. M. R. DeHaan, quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 233.

24. David Wilkerson, Set the Trumpet to Thy Mouth, quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 234.

25. Dave Hunt, The New Age Movement in Prophecy, quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 233–34 (“a cosmic conspiracy to install the Antichrist”).

26. Rev. 2:24 (RSV).

27. Rev. 16:2, 13:17 (RSV).

28. Paul Boyer, quoted in Barkun, Culture of Conspiracy, 44.

29. Paul Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 176.

30. Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 175.