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Jonathan Kirsch - A History of the End of the World

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Название:
A History of the End of the World
Автор:
Jonathan Kirsch
Издательство:
HarperCollins
Жанр:
Публицистика / История / Религиоведение / на английском языке
Год:
2006
Город:
New York
ISBN:
978–0–06–081698–8
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4 / 5. Голосов: 1
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“[The Book of] Revelation has served as a “language arsenal” in a great many of the social, cultural, and political conflicts in Western history. Again and again, Revelation has stirred some dangerous men and women to act out their own private apocalypses. Above all, the moral calculus of Revelation—the demonization of one’s enemies, the sanctification of revenge taking, and the notion that history must end in catastrophe—can be detected in some of the worst atrocities and excesses of every age, including our own. For all of these reasons, the rest of us ignore the book of Revelation only at our impoverishment and, more to the point, at our own peril.” The mysterious author of the Book of Revelation (or the Apocalypse, as the last book of the New Testament is also known) never considered that his sermon on the impending end times would last beyond his own life. In fact, he predicted that the destruction of the earth would be witnessed by his contemporaries. Yet Revelation not only outlived its creator; this vivid and violent revenge fantasy has played a significant role in the march of Western civilization.
Ever since Revelation was first preached as the revealed word of Jesus Christ, it has haunted and inspired hearers and readers alike. The mark of the beast, the Antichrist, 666, the Whore of Babylon, Armageddon, and the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are just a few of the images, phrases, and codes that have burned their way into the fabric of our culture. The questions raised go straight to the heart of the human fear of death and obsession with the afterlife. Will we, individually or collectively, ride off to glory, or will we drown in hellfire for all eternity? As those who best manipulate this dark vision learned, which side we fall on is often a matter of life or death. Honed into a weapon in the ongoing culture wars between states, religions, and citizenry, Revelation has significantly altered the course of history.
Kirsch, whom the
calls “a fine storyteller with a flair for rendering ancient tales relevant and appealing to modern audiences,” delivers a far-ranging, entertaining, and shocking history of this scandalous book, which was nearly cut from the New Testament. From the fall of the Roman Empire to the Black Death, the Inquisition to the Protestant Reformation, the New World to the rise of the Religious Right, this chronicle of the use and abuse of the Book of Revelation tells the tale of the unfolding of history and the hopes, fears, dreams, and nightmares of all humanity.

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112. Quoted in de la Bedoyere, Meddlesome Friar, 170.

113. Quoted in de la Bedoyere, Meddlesome Friar, 176. Another version of the same account attributes to Savonarola a slightly different remark: “A cardinal’s purple will not be bestowed on us, but of a martyr’s gown drenched in blood I am absolutely certain.” Quoted in van Paassen, 214.

114. Quoted in Van Paassen, Crown of Fire, 98.

115. Quoted in de la Bedoyere, Meddlesome Friar, 245–46.

116. Bernard McGinn, quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 80

117. Quoted in de la Bedoyere, Meddlesome Friar, 246.

118. Rev. 21:5 (KJV).

119. Robin Barnes, “Images of Hope and Despair: Western Apocalypticism: ca. 1500–1800,” in Apocalypticism, 144.

120. McGinn, Visions of the End, 88.

121. Quoted in McGinn, “Apocalypticism and Church Reform: 1100–1500,” in McGinn, 102.

122. Bernard McGinn, “The Last Judgment in Christian Tradition,” in Apocalypticism, 378.

123. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 225 (adapted).

124. Rev. 21:1 (KJV). (The phrase is rendered in the Vulgate, a Latin translation of the Bible, in the objective case—that is, terram novam. )

CHAPTER 6: TO BEGIN THE WORLD OVER AGAIN

1. David L. Jeffrey and Marjorie Reeves, “Millennium,” in Drane, Revelation, 46.

2. The Day of Trouble Is Near, quoted in David L. Jeffrey and Marjorie Reeves, “Millennium,” in Drane, Revelation, 46.

3. William Blake, “Jerusalem” (1804), quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 184.

4. Blake, “Jerusalem” (1804), quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 184.

5. Not every historian is quite so convinced, however. “Whether or not English Puritans justified their removal to the New World in eschatological terms is an issue that has divided the scholarly community since the 1980s.” Reiner Smolinski, “Apocalypticism in Colonial North America,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 36.

6. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 68.

7. Cotton Mather, quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 69 (“Flying from the Depravations…”); http://www.mytholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/winthrop.htm (“a City Upon a Hill…”); Perry Miller, quoted in Wagar, Terminal Visions, 59 (“the first bestseller…”).

8. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 64.

9. Quoted in Robin Barnes, “Images of Hope and Despair: Western Apocalypticism: ca. 1500–1800,” in Apocalypticism, 163.

10. Quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 92 (adapted).

11. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 64.

12. Bartholomew Fair (1614), quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 64.

13. Quoted in McGinn, in Alter and Kermode, Literary Guide, 537.

14. Paraphrased in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 65.

15. Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 67.

16. Perry Miller, “The End of the World” (1950), paraphrased in (and adapted from) Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 67.

17. Cotton Mather, Memorable Providences, Relating to Witchcrafts and Possessions (1689), http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/ASA_MATH.HTM.

18. Quoted in Wendell, Cotton Mather, 207.

19. Thompson, End of Time, 96.

20. Magnalia Christi Americana, quoted in David L. Jeffrey and Marjorie Reeves, “Millennium,” in Drane, Revelation, 46.

21. Quoted in Wendell, Cotton Mather, 82.

22. Quoted in Reiner Smolinski, “Apocalypticism in Colonial North America,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 52.

23. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 70.

24. Emma Lazarus, “The New Colossus,” www.sonnets.org/lazarus.

25. Cotton Mather on John Mather, quoted in Wendell, Cotton Mather, 9.

26. The Jefferson Bible, http://www.angelfire.com/co/JeffersonBible/jeffintro.html.

27. A Sermon Preached Before the Honorable Council, May 29th, 1776, quoted in Reiner Smolinski, “Apocalypticism in Colonial North America,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 68.

28. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 74.

29. Reiner Smolinski, “Apocalypticism in Colonial North America,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 55.

30. Smolinski, “Apocalypticism in Colonial North America,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 55.

31. Quoted in Reiner Smolinski, “Apocalypticism in Colonial North America,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 56.

32. Paul Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 144 (adapted).

33. Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 144–45; Matt. 25:40 (KJV).

34. Richard T. Ely (1854–1943), quoted in James H. Moorhead, “Apocalypticism in Mainstream Protestantism, 1800 to the Present,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 95.

35. Samuel Hopkins, Treatise of the Millennium (1793), quoted in Reiner Smolinski, “Apocalypticism in Colonial North America,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 61.

36. Ladies’ Repository (February 1850), quoted in James H. Moorhead, “Apocalypticism in Mainstream Protestantism, 1800 to the Present,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 76.

37. John L. O’Sullivan, “The Great Nation of Futurity” (1839), Cornell University Library, http://cdl.library.cornell.edu.

38. Dan. 8:14 (KJV).

39. Quoted in Ehrman, Jesus, 13.

40. Quoted in Stephen J. Stein, “Apocalypticism Outside the Mainstream in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 116.

41. Paul Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 146.

42. Quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 100.

43. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 42.

44. Quoted in Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 81.

45. Quoted in Thompson, End of Time, 100.

46. Quoted in Stephen J. Stein, “Apocalypticism Outside the Mainstream in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 116.

47. Rev. 11:19 (KJV).

48. Thompson, End of Time, 287.

49. Fox, Jesus in America, 253.

50. Fox, Jesus in America, 255.

51. Quoted in Stephen J. Stein, “Apocalypticism Outside the Mainstream in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 114.

52. Fox, Jesus in America, 254.

53. James H. Moorhead, “Apocalypticism in Mainstream Protestantism, 1800 to the Present,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 73 (adapted).

54. Rev. 14:19 (KJV). See also Isa. 63:3.

55. http://www.cyberhymnal.org.

56. Quoted in James H. Moorhead, “Apocalypticism in Mainstream Protestantism, 1800 to the Present,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 85.

57. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 83.

58. Boyer, When Time Shall Be, 92, quoting John Charles Ryle.

59. Robin Barnes, “Images of Hope and Despair: Western Apocalypticism: ca. 1500–1800,” in Apocalypticism, 172 (“…the triumph and rule of the true church…”); Paul Boyer, “The Growth of Fundamentalist Apocalyptic in the United States,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 143 (“…human progress and moral advance…”).

60. Quoted in James H. Moorhead, “Apocalypticism in Mainstream Protestantism, 1800 to the Present,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 81.

61. 1 Thess. 4:16–17 (RSV).

62. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 22.

63. Weber, Living in the Shadow, 21.