Jonathan Kirsch - A History of the End of the World
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- Название:A History of the End of the World
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- Издательство:HarperCollins
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- Год:2006
- Город:New York
- ISBN:978–0–06–081698–8
- Рейтинг книги:4 / 5. Голосов: 1
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Ever since Revelation was first preached as the revealed word of Jesus Christ, it has haunted and inspired hearers and readers alike. The mark of the beast, the Antichrist, 666, the Whore of Babylon, Armageddon, and the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are just a few of the images, phrases, and codes that have burned their way into the fabric of our culture. The questions raised go straight to the heart of the human fear of death and obsession with the afterlife. Will we, individually or collectively, ride off to glory, or will we drown in hellfire for all eternity? As those who best manipulate this dark vision learned, which side we fall on is often a matter of life or death. Honed into a weapon in the ongoing culture wars between states, religions, and citizenry, Revelation has significantly altered the course of history.
Kirsch, whom the
calls “a fine storyteller with a flair for rendering ancient tales relevant and appealing to modern audiences,” delivers a far-ranging, entertaining, and shocking history of this scandalous book, which was nearly cut from the New Testament. From the fall of the Roman Empire to the Black Death, the Inquisition to the Protestant Reformation, the New World to the rise of the Religious Right, this chronicle of the use and abuse of the Book of Revelation tells the tale of the unfolding of history and the hopes, fears, dreams, and nightmares of all humanity.
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82. Rowley, Relevance of Apocalyptic, 65.
83. John J. Collins, “Early Jewish Apocalypticism,” in “Apocalypses and Apocalypticism,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1:286.
84. Collins, “Early Jewish Apocalypticism,” in “Apocalypses and Apocalypticism,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1:287.
85. Dan. 7:7, 7:9, 7:10, 7;13, 7:14 (JPS).
86. Josephus, The Jewish War, 6.312, quoted in John J. Collins, “From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End,” in Collins, Origins of Apocalypticism, 151. (“Josephus argues that it actually predicted the rise of Vespasian, who was proclaimed emperor on Jewish soil.”)
87. Quoted in John J. Collins, “Early Jewish Apocalypticism,” in “Apocalypses and Apocalypticism,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1:287. (See Josephus, The Jewish War, 2.13.4 sec. 258–60.)
88. Josephus, The Jewish War, 2.261–62, quoted in John J. Collins, “From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End,” in Collins, Origins of Apocalypticism, 150–51.
89. Josephus, The Jewish War, quoted in Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 67.
90. Shem Tov Ibn Gaon, Migdal Oz, Hilkhot Melachim 11:3, quoted in Aviezer Ravitsky, “The Messianism of Success in Contemporary Judaism,” in Stein, Apocalypticism, 211.
91. Quoted in Neusner, Yohanan Ben Zakkai, 141, citing, inter alia, TP Taanit 4.7 (adapted).
92. Ehrman, Jesus, x, 3.
93. Mark 9:1 (RSV).
94. 1 Thess. 4:16–17 (RSV)
95. Isa. 11:1 (JPS).
96. Armstrong, Jerusalem, 153.
97. Rom. 1:3 (KJV).
98. Matt. 27:37 (KJV).
99. Paula Fredriksen, “Tyconius and Augustine on the Apocalypse” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 20–21.
100. Rev. 22:20 (KJV).
CHAPTER 3: THE HISTORY OF A DELUSION
1. Jer. 36:4 (JPS).
2. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 33.
3. Rev. 1:1 (AB; adapted).
4. Richard K. Emmerson, “Introduction: The Apocalypse in Medieval Culture,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 293.
5. Rev. 1:9 (AB; adapted).
6. Irenaeus, Against Heresies, V.xxx.iii, quoted in Ladd, Revelation of John, 8 n. 1.
7. Adela Yarbro Collins, “Revelation, Book of,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 5:702; quoted in Bernard McGinn, “Introduction: John’s Apocalypse and the Apocalyptic Mentality,” in Emmerson and McGinn, Apocalypse, 18 (“of which many good Christians…”); Schüssler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 87 (“could not have been written…”).
8. Schüssler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 86.
9. John 5:24, 11:26 (RSV; adapted). See also John 3:18, 14:3, and 16:7 for examples of a “realized” eschatology. By contrast, see John 6:39–40, 6:54, 12:58, 12:25, 14:3, 14:18, and 14: 28 for examples of a “futuristic” eschatology.
10. Rev. 10:7 (RSV; adapted).
11. Schüssler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 93.
12. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 28.
13. Rev. 21:14 (RSV). Adela Yarbro Collins finds it “unlikely that a living apostle would speak in such a way.” Adela Yarbro Collins, “Revelation, Book of,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 5:702.
14. Rowley, Relevance of Apocalyptic, 125, summarizing the arguments of R. H. Charles.
15. Quoted in Schüssler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 87.
16. Ehrman, Jesus, 45, citing Acts 4:13; Schüssler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 88. Ehrman points out that the literal meaning of the Greek word used in Acts 4:13 to describe Peter and John is “illiterate,” although it is often translated into English as “uneducated.”
17. N. Middle, quoted in Schüssler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 86. The discussion to which Middle refers is the debate over the authorship of all five books of the New Testament that have been attributed to the apostle John and not merely the authorship of Revelation.
18. Quoted in Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 30.
19. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 30.
20. Ford, Revelation, 3, 4, 7, 18, 40 (emphasis added). Ford counts “approximately” fourteen references to “Jesus” and “Jesus Christ” in Revelation.
21. Ford, Revelation, 40.
22. Ford, Revelation, 15.
23. Ford, Revelation, 37, 18.
24. Farrer, Rebirth of Images, 98.
25. Ford, Revelation, 22.
26. Ford, Revelation, 18.
27. Ford, Revelation, 28.
28. Ford, Revelation, 33 (adapted).
29. Matt. 3:2, 3:11–12 (RSV; adapted).
30. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 34.
31. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 47.
32. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 47.
33. Cited but also criticized in Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 37, 47.
34. Farrer, Rebirth of Images, 23.
35. Miles, Christ, 109.
36. Rev. 17:1–2, 17:4 (KJV; adapted).
37. Rev. 17:9 (RSV).
38. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 57.
39. Schüssler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 15.
40. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 47.
41. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 47.
42. Rev. 17:5 (KJV).
43. Victorinus, Commentary on the Revelation (10:11), quoted in Ladd, Revelation of John, 8 n. 1 (“…condemned to the mines…”); Farrer, Rebirth of Images, 24 (“…concentration-camp…”).
44. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 55.
45. Rev. 1:9 (NLT).
46. Adela Yarbro Collins, “Revelation, Book of,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 5:701.
47. Barclay, Letters, 14.
48. Barclay, Letters, 15 (adapted).
49. Rev. 17:4 (KJV; adapted).
50. Rev. 2:13 (RSV); Schüssler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 193.
51. Rev. 14:9 (KJV).
52. Rev. 14:9–10 (RSV; adapted).
53. Rev. 16:2 (RSV).
54. Rev. 19:20 (KJV).
55. Rev. 13:16–17 (RSV; emphasis added).
56. Ladd, Revelation of John, 178.
57. Ladd, Revelation of John, 185.
58. Ladd, Revelation of John , citing 3 Macc. 2:29. See also Ford, Revelation, 116–17.
59. Quoted in Ford, Revelation, 117.
60. Mark 11:15 (RSV).
61. Mark 11:17 (KJV).
62. Rev. 18:11 (RSV).
63. Rev. 18:12–13 (RSV).
64. Rev. 21:8 (KJV).
65. Rev. 18:15, 18:17–19, 18:22 (RSV; adapted).
66. Matt. 10:9–11 (RSV; adapted).
67. David Aune, quoted in Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 45.
68. Matt. 8:20 (RSV).
69. Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 102–3, describing the theories of J. N. Saunders.
70. Paraphrased in Yarbro Collins, Crisis and Catharsis, 35.
71. Schüssler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 144.
72. Rev. 2:2 (RSV).
73. Rev. 2:6 (KJV).
74. Rev. 2:19, 2:20 (RSV; adapted).
75. Num 22:23 ff.
76. 2 Kings 9:22 (JPS).
77. Acts 15:20 (RSV).
78. Rev. 3:16–17 (NKJ; adapted)
79. Rev. 2:14, 2:20 (KJV).
80. Adela Yarbro Collins, “Revelation, Book of,” in Freedman, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 5:705.
81. Schüssler Fiorenza, Book of Revelation, 15.
82. Rev. 2:18, 2:21–23 (NKJ, KJV, RSV; adapted).
83. Rev. 2:15 (KJV), 2:24 (RSV).
84. Acts 6:5.
85. Schüssler Fiorenza, Apocalypse, 48–49. See also Adela Yarbro Collins, “The Book of Revelation,” in Collins, Origins of Apocalypticism, 392.
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