Gregorio Mesa Cuadros - Derechos Ambientales, conflictividad y paz ambiental

CONTENIDO

Lista de tablas

Lista de figuras

Lista de siglas y acrónimos LISTA DE SIGLAS Y ACRÓNIMOS AEI: artefactos explosivos improvisados ANLA: Autoridad Nacional de Licencias Ambientales AMEA: áreas de actividad minera en estado de abandono Cepal: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe CAR: Corporación Autónoma Regional CNR: Comisión Nacional de Reconciliación DAA: diagnóstico ambiental de alternativas DEA: declaración de efecto ambiental DIGARN: Dirección General de Gestión Ambiental y Recursos Naturales EIA: evaluación de impacto ambiental FARC-EP: Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo FMLN: Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional IAP: impacto ambiental potencial MADS: Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible MARN: Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales MAP: minas antipersonal Marena: Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales (Nicaragua) MUSE: munición sin explotar NOEI: Nuevo Orden Económico Internacional PAH: pasivos ambientales huérfanos PND: plan nacional de desarrollo REG: restos explosivos de guerra RRI: reforma rural integral SIVJRNR: Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y No Repetición TCCN: territorios colectivos de comunidades negras UAF: unidad agrícola familiar Zidres: zonas de interés de desarrollo rural, económico y social ZRC: zonas de reserva campesina.

Presentación

CAPÍTULO 1

Some Debates in Environmental Conflict and Environmental Rights in Latin America and Colombia

The environmental conflict THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT In this section, we will develop our approach from two positions. First, the inadequate conceptualization of environmental problems and conflicts and an analysis of their main causes and consequences to overcome the deficit of conceptualization and foundation of this conflict and; second, the formulation of a practical theoretical proposal from a systemic, comprehensive and global political point of view, that is, environmental in a strict sense.

Some theories about rights, beyond liberalism SOME THEORIES ABOUT RIGHTS, BEYOND LIBERALISM In this second part of this text, we will dialogue about the concept and the basis to justify the need to formulate a new theory of rights that seeks to overcome the deficiency of materialization and effective protection of the same, subject that will be approached from our theory on environmental rights and environmental justice.

Conclusions CONCLUSIONS Usually, the people that don’t have rights tend to fight for them and in the last decades the main demands have been about the right of water access, the right of preserving nature, rights for the land, clean air and natural forestry. Similarly, the protection of the natural and cultural diversity is the most important reason that indigenous peoples, Afro-Colombian peoples, peasant or poor farmers and other rural and urban communities demand rights from the government and the judicial system, especially because their great contribution to the conservation the forest, clean water, seeds and wildlife in general. In addition, we cannot forget that natural forests still exist because there are cultures that continue to inhabit them from special rules of use and access to nature, based on a strong environmental standard oriented more in the limits than in authorizations. This is one of the main reasons why the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples were affected by environmental degradation resulting from extraction activities, biopiracy and the forced displacement of their traditional lands. Finally, if we add to the destruction generated by drug trafficking, illegal crops, trafficking of species and weapons in a country of prolonged civil war such as Colombia, the pollution produced by national and transnational companies with their big projects, works or activities, environmental law must be implemented immediately in order to salvage what we have left. This is a main problem because this situation impacts the rights from the traditional peoples and communities and hence to all the population in the country. We all need water, soil, clean air, and natural forest in well conditions for a healthy life and equality for all.