Applied Soil Chemistry

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2 Title Page

3 Copyright

4 Preface

5 1 Potential and Challenges of Carbon Sequestration in Soils 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Influences Impacting Carbon Stabilization Rates in Soils 1.3 Carbon-Sequestration Potential of Specific Vegetation Zones and Ecosystems 1.4 Estimates of Global Potential for Carbon Sequestration in Soils 1.5 Conclusions References

6 2 A Brief Insight on Factors Controlling Rate of Chemical Weathering of Minerals Existing in Soil 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Comparitive Stability of Minerals on the Basis of Their Sequence of Weathering 2.3 Factors Affecting the Rate of Chemical Weathering 2.4 Conclusion References

7 3 Agroecosystems and Bioeconomy 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Problems Related to Agricultural Intensification 3.3 Important Themes and Indicators 3.4 The Bioeconomy 3.5 On Circular Bioeconomy 3.6 Bioeconomy, Environment, and Natural Capital 3.7 The Bioeconomy in Daily Life 3.8 Conclusions References

8 4 Technological Advances in Analyzing of Soil Chemistry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Soil Chemistry 4.3 Conclusion References

9 5 An Overview of Soil Chemistry and Role of Its Components in Sorption of Heavy Metals in Soil 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Composition of Soil 5.3 Soil Characterization 5.4 Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil 5.5 Sorption Behavior of Soil 5.6 Conclusion References

10 6 Soil and Their Contaminants 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Soil Organic Matter (SOM) 6.3 Contaminants in Soil 6.4 Pollution of Soil 6.5 Chemistry of Saline Soil 6.6 The Effect of Salinity in Plant Growth 6.7 Conclusion References

11 7 Fertilization and Fertilizer Types 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Purpose and Application Methods of Fertilization 7.3 Classification of Fertilizers 7.4 Fertilizers Containing Organic Matters 7.5 Chemical Fertilizers 7.6 Conclusion and Evaluation References

12 8 Heavy Metal Chemistry in Soils 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Outline of the Heavy Metal Chemistry in Soil 8.3 Conclusions 8.4 Abbreviations Acknowledgment References

13 9 Modeling of Pollutant Mobility in Soil 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Modeling of Heavy Metal Sorption onto Soil or Soil Components 9.3 Modeling of Sorption of Other Pollutants onto Soil or Soil Components 9.4 Conclusion References

14 10 Soil Chemistry: Composition and Laws 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The Materials With Which Nutrients React 10.3 Soil Chemistry: Laws Acknowledgments References

15 11 Parameters of Soil Chemistry 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Concepts of Soil Chemistry Acknowledgments References

16 12 Essential Soil Functions for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity and Food Production 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Effect of Pesticides on Soil Function Indicator 12.3 Soil Organic Matter 12.4 Soil Organic Carbon 12.5 Conclusion and Future Recommendation to Knowledge References

17 13 Role of Pesticide Applications in Sustainable Agriculture 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Various Types of Pesticides and Their Application in Agriculture 13.3 Modes of Action of Pesticides 13.4 Conclusion and Recommendation to Knowledge References

18 Index

19 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Schematic diagram illustrating the biological contributions to the ca... Figure 1.2 Schematic diagram showing how the key variables of climate, vegetatio...

2 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Structure of LDH [30].Figure 4.2 Q-XAS image of oxidation kinetics of a soil sample [32].Figure 4.3 Micro and nanoscale characterization of species in the clay fraction ...Figure 4.4 Soil analysis using machine learning [41].Figure 4.5 IoT in agriculture [43].Figure 4.6 Soil analysis using big data [47].Figure 4.7 Communication model for data dissemination [49].

3 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Composition of soil.Figure 5.2 Structure of kaolinite.Figure 5.3 Structure of montmorillonite.Figure 5.4 Structure of illite.Figure 5.5 Saturated and unsaturated soil conditions [28].Figure 5.6 Conceptual model of soil structure [41].

4 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Primary composition of the Earth’s crust.Figure 6.2 Major factors responsible for formation of soil.Figure 6.3 Types of soil texture.Figure 6.4 Calamitous effects of pesticides.Figure 6.5 Major sources of soil pollution.

5 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Surface broadcast application method.Figure 7.2 Methods used in mixing the fertilizers applied to the soil surface wi...Figure 7.3 Band application method.Figure 7.4 Methods of banding fertilizers.Figure 7.5 Chemical fertilizer application methods.Figure 7.6 Production of solid nitrogen fertilizers.

6 Chapter 10Scheme 10.1 The primary law—ions are reacting to activated surfaces.

7 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Soil composition by volume.

1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Estimated soil carbon complements in the top 1 m of common vegetated s...

2 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Various sensors used in agriculture [38].

3 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Different components of soil and its chemical formula.Table 5.2 Chemical composition of soil inorganic matter [14].Table 5.3 Chemical composition of soil organic matter.Table 5.4 Physical and chemical properties of soil water.Table 5.5 Association of soil color with elements.Table 5.6 Adsorption behavior of adsorbents for different adsorbates.

4 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Elementary composition of the Earth’s crust.

5 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Classification of fertilizers.Table 7.2 Commonly used potassium fertilizers.

6 Chapter 9Table 9.1 FITEQL input values for the electrical double layer model (first scree...Table 9.2 A typical screen in FITEQL (II. Species) for hydrated silica - Cd(II) ...

7 Chapter 11Table 11.1 pH and results.

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Title Page

4 Copyright

5 Preface

6 Begin Reading

7 Index

8 End User License Agreement

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