A Clinical Guide to Urologic Emergencies

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30 30 Santucci, R.A., Wessells, H., Bartsch, G. et al. (2004). Evaluation and management of renal injuries: consensus statement of the renal trauma subcommittee. BJU Int. 93 (7): 937–954.

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32 32 Figler, B.D., Mack, C.D., Kaufman, R. et al. (2014). Crash test rating and likelihood of major thoracoabdominal injury in motor vehicle crashes: the new car assessment program side‐impact crash test, 1998–2010. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 76 (3): 750–754. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3182aafd5b.

33 33 Smith, T.G. 3rd, Wessells, H.B., Mack, C.D. et al. (2010). Examination of the impact of airbags on renal injury using a national database. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 211 (3): 355–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.05.009. Epub 2010 Jul 14.

34 34 Morey, A.F., Brandes, S., Dugi, D.D. et al. (2014). Urotrauma: AUA guideline. J. Urol. 192 (2): 327–335.

35 35 Brandes, S.B. and McAninch, J.W. (1999). Urban free falls and patterns of renal injury: a 20‐year experience with 396 cases. J. Trauma 47 (4): 643–649; discussion 649–50.

36 36 Ortega, S.J., Netto, F.S., Hamilton, P. et al. (2008). CT scanning for diagnosing blunt ureteral and ureteropelvic junction injuries. BMC Urol. 8: 3.

37 37 Kawashima, A., Sandler, C.M., Corriere, J.N. et al. (1997). Ureteropelvic junction injuries secondary to blunt abdominal trauma. Radiology 205 (2): 487–492.

38 38 Moore, E.E., Shackford, S.R., Pachter, H.L. et al. (1989). Organ injury scaling: spleen, liver, and kidney. J. Trauma 29 (12): 1664–1666.

39 39 Wein, A.J., Kavoussi, L.R., Novick, A.C. et al. (2011). Campbell‐Walsh Urology. Elsevier Health Sciences 1 p.

40 40 Buckley, J.C. and McAninch, J.W. (2011). Revision of current American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Renal Injury grading system. J. Trauma 70 (1): 35–37.

41 41 Dugi, D.D., Morey, A.F., Gupta, A. et al. (2010). American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grade 4 renal injury substratification into grades 4a (low risk) and 4b (high risk). J. Urol. 183 (2): 592–597.

42 42 Chiron, P., Hornez, E., Boddaert, G. et al. (2015). Grade IV renal trauma management. A revision of the AAST renal injury grading scale is mandatory. Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg. 42 (2): 237–241.

43 43 Figler, B.D., Malaeb, B.S., Voelzke, B. et al. (2013). External validation of a substratification of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma renal injury scale for grade 4 injuries. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 217 (5): 924–928.

44 44 Morey, A.F., McAninch, J.W., Tiller, B.K. et al. (1999). Single shot intraoperative excretory urography for the immediate evaluation of renal trauma. J. Urol. 161 (4): 1088–1092.

45 45 Santucci, R.A. and Fisher, M.B. (2005). The literature increasingly supports expectant (conservative) management of renal trauma – a systematic review. J. Trauma 59 (2): 493–503.

46 46 Moudouni, S.M., Hadj Slimen, M. et al. (2001). Management of major blunt renal lacerations: is a nonoperative approach indicated? Eur. Urol. 40 (4): 409–414.

47 47 Matthews, L.A., Smith, E.M., and Spirnak, J.P. (1997). Nonoperative treatment of major blunt renal lacerations with urinary extravasation. J. Urol. 157 (6): 2056–2058.

48 48 Alsikafi, N.F., McAninch, J.W., Elliott, S.P., and Garcia, M. (2006). Nonoperative management outcomes of isolated urinary extravasation following renal lacerations due to external trauma. J. Urol. 176 (6 Pt 1): 2494–2497.

49 49 Bayne, D.B., Tresh, A., Baradaran, N. et al. (2019). Does routine repeat imaging change management in hihg‐grade renal trauma? Results from three level 1 trauma centers. World J. Urol. 37 (7): 1455–1459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345‐018‐2513‐2. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

50 50 Shirazi, M., Sefidbakht, S., Jahanabadi, Z. et al. (2010). Is early reimaging CT scan necessary in patients with grades III and IV renal trauma under conservative treatment? J. Trauma 68 (1): 9–12.

51 51 Eeg, K.R., Khoury, A.E., Halachmi, S. et al. (2009). Single center experience with application of the ALARA concept to serial imaging studies after blunt renal trauma in children – is ultrasound enough? J. Urol. 181 (4): 1834–1840; discussion 1840.

52 52 Voelzke, B.B. and McAninch, J.W. (2008). The current management of renal injuries. Am. Surg. 74 (8): 667–678.