Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Biocomposites

4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Physical and mechanical properties of some commercial natural fiber...Table 4.2 Technological properties of polypropylene/wood composites depending...Table 4.3 Mechanical properties of WPCs at 40% wood fiber or wood flour conte...Table 4.4 Main mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood composites with or...Table 4.5 Comparison of average tensile properties and cost of nanocrystallin...

5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Specifications of strain gauge drill tool dynamometer (PolyLab‐Make...Table 5.2 Constant tool geometry of HSS twist drill bits utilized in this stu...Table 5.3 Levels and factors of machining parameters.Table 5.4 L 9orthogonal array and experimental values of torque and thrust fo...Table 5.5 S / N ratio for torque/thrust force.Table 5.6 ANOVA responses for thrust force.Table 5.7 ANOVA responses for torque.Table 5.8 Experimental confirmation and predicted torque and thrust force.

6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Peak height of tan δ curve and T gobtained from E ″ and tan δ ...Table 6.2 Storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ values for different ...

7 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Mechanical properties of natural fibers [7].Table 7.2 Mechanical properties of different natural fibers with alkaline tre...

8 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Details of fabricated composite.Table 8.2 Crystallinity property of fiber.

9 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Fabrication qualities of the epoxy composite samples.

10 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Mechanical properties of PF/CMF hybrid fiber composites.Table 11.2 Tensile strength of natural rubber, and raw and treated bagasse fi...Table 11.3 Mechanical strength of different combinations of jute fiber compos...Table 11.4 Mechanical properties of composites with filler contents.Table 11.5 Comparison of results of various composite specimens.Table 11.6 Summary of the effect of nano‐fillers on the physical and mechanic...

11 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Composite designation.

12 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Material specifications of the sisal fiber and epoxy resin.Table 14.2 Tensile properties of the composites against the fiber loading.Table 14.3 Flexural properties of the composites against the fiber loading.

13 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Fracture modes in composites and their applications.Table 16.2 ASTM standards to measure fracture toughness in composites based o...

14 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Properties of flax and basalt fiber.Table 17.2 Properties of polyester resin.

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Descriptive molecular structure of both (a) thermoplastic and (b)... Figure 1.2 Schematic illustration of different orientations and stacking seq... Figure 1.3 Improved mechanical properties of hybrid flax–basalt fibers FRP c... Figure 1.4 Flowchart of preparation and characterization of the hybrid FRP c... Figure 1.5 Frictional coefficients of (a) treated and (b) untreated sisal/gl...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Schematic view of the bone. Figure 2.2 Key requirements of a scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineeri... Figure 2.3 Schematic diagram of Powder Bed Fusion process. Figure 2.4 Schematic of Fused Deposition Modeling. Figure 2.5 Porous scaffold with cubical pore. (a) Porous scaffold. (b) Detai... Figure 2.6 Different topology of pore structure. Figure 2.7 Porous scaffold specimen fabricated using biocomposite (polyamide...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 General schematic of a DMA instrumente.

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Classification of natural fibers.Figure 4.2 (a) Flax sliver, (b) hemp sliver, (c) flax hackling tow, and (d) ...Figure 4.3 Comparison of chemical composition of natural fibers.Figure 4.4 (a) Specific modulus of commonly used plant fibers and E‐glass fi...Figure 4.5 (a) Raw materials for WPC. (b) WPC compounding in the twin screw ...Figure 4.6 Wood flour used in WPC production (for injection molding, wood fl...Figure 4.7 Wood fibers used in WPC production.Figure 4.8 Tensile strength of different fiber‐reinforced polypropylene comp...Figure 4.9 Orientation of fibers in the composites of (a) aligned‐continuous...Figure 4.10 The effect of fiber on the tensile strength and impact strength ...Figure 4.11 Effect of processing method and filler loading on the flexural m...Figure 4.12 Impact bending strength of the WPC depending on the fiber conten...Figure 4.13 The changes in the relative properties of WPCs at different fibe...Figure 4.14 Tensile stress versus strain curves for WPCs having different am...Figure 4.15 The development of mechanical cracks caused by water or moisture...Figure 4.16 Water absorption (a) and thickness swelling (b) for the water‐im...Figure 4.17 (a) Reaction of coupling agent with natural fibres (PP: polyprop...Figure 4.18 Effect of coupling agent on the interfacial bond of wood and pol...Figure 4.19 The effect of birch fiber content and coupling agent (MAPP) on t...Figure 4.20 The effect of coupling agents on the impact strength of composit...Figure 4.21 Classification of polymer matrix.Figure 4.22 (a) Structure of wood cell. (b) Nanocellulose.Figure 4.23 Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses.Figure 4.24 NCC at 5 wt.% solution; at 12% wt solution; and NCC powder (spra...Figure 4.25 Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC).Figure 4.26 (a) Transparent film from nanocellulose. (b) Nanofiber paper‐der...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Schematic layout of the drilling setup.Figure 5.2 Influence of machining parameters on torque and thrust force for ...Figure 5.3 Comparison graph of (a) thrust force, and (b) torque between pred...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Different forms of kenaf fiber (a) non‐woven, (b) fiber strands, ...Figure 6.2 Effect of nanofiller loading in kenaf/epoxy composites on loss mo...Figure 6.3 Effect of nanofiller loading in kenaf/epoxy composites on damping...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Flow chart representation of classification of natural fibers.Figure 7.2 Alkaline treatment of natural fibers: (a) untreated and (b) alkal...Figure 7.3 Effect of surface treatment of henequen fiber on interfacial shea...Figure 7.4 Effect of alkaline treatment of ramie fiber on tensile strength....Figure 7.5 Tensile strength of different alkaline‐treated kenaf fibers (T5–3...Figure 7.6 Effect of different surface treatments on the tensile property of...Figure 7.7 SEM images of tensile fracture of different fibers ((a) FIB/HDPE,...Figure 7.8 (a) Tensile and (b) flexural strength of HDPE‐reinforced henequen...Figure 7.9 SEM images of fracture surface of composite (a) with fibre withou...Figure 7.10 (a) Flexural and (b) tensile strengths of hemp‐reinforced compos...Figure 7.11 Mechanical properties: (a) tensile Strength (b) Young's Modulus ...Figure 7.12 (a) Tensile and (b) impact strength properties of palm fiber–vin...Figure 7.13 (a) Tensile strength and (b) Young's modulus of PVC/ENR/Kenaf co...Figure 7.14 (a) Tensile strength and (b) impact strength of pandanwangi fibe...Figure 7.15 The reaction of cellulose fibers with MAPP.Figure 7.16 (a) Young's modulus and (b) tensile strength of the different fi...Figure 7.17 Mechanical property and SEM images of recycled carbon fiber (RCF...Figure 7.18 (a) Tensile strength and (b) flexural strength of wood–fiber PP ...Figure 7.19 Reaction mechanism of plasma treatment.Figure 7.20 SEM images of: (a), (b) untreated and (c), (d) plasma‐treated co...Figure 7.21 (a) Tensile strength and (b) elastic modulus of untreated and pl...Figure 7.22 Schematic representation of corona treatment.

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a) Schematic representation of the erosion process. (b) Morpholo...Figure 8.2 XRD pattern of fiber.Figure 8.3 Hardness and tensile strength of composites (a) Hardness (b) Tens...Figure 8.4 SEM image of tensile‐tested composites (a) Poor bonding (b) Red m...Figure 8.5 Erosion exposure region at different impact angles.Figure 8.6 Erosion rate at different impact angles.Figure 8.7 (a) Crater development due to erodent impact. (b) Red mud hill fo...Figure 8.8 Erosion behavior at different impact angles of treated and untrea...Figure 8.9 (a) Micro cuts and ploughing (b) Crack developement.Figure 8.10 Fiber damage due to erodent impact.