Franck Bayle - Product Maturity 1

1 Cover

2 Title Page Product Maturity 1 Theoretical Principles and Industrial Applications Franck Bayle

3 Copyright First published 2022 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd 27-37 St George’s Road London SW19 4EU UK www.iste.co.uk John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2022 The rights of Franck Bayle to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s), contributor(s) or editor(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of ISTE Group. Library of Congress Control Number: 2021949035 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78630-739-2

4 Foreword by Laurent Denis

5 Foreword by Serge Zaninotti

6 Acknowledgements

7 Introduction

8 1 Reliability Review 1.1. Failure rate 1.2. Temperature effect 1.3. Effect of maintenance 1.4. MTBF 1.5. Nature of the reliability objective

9 2 Maturity2.1. Context 2.2. Normative context and its implications 2.3. Building of maturity 2.4. Confirmation of maturity

10 3 Derating Analysis3.1. Derating 3.2. Rules provided by the manufacturers of components 3.3. Reference-based approach 3.4. Creation of derating rules 3.5. Summary

11 4 Components with Limited Service Life 4.1. RDF 2000 guide 4.2. FIDES 2009 guide 4.3. Manufacturer’s data 4.4. Summary of components with limited service life

12 5 Analysis of Product Performances 5.1. Analyses during the design stage 5.2. Analyses during the manufacturing stage

13 6 Aggravated Tests 6.1. Definition 6.2. Objectives of aggravated tests 6.3. Principles of aggravated tests 6.4. Robustness

14 7 Burn-In Test 7.1. Link between HALT and HASS tests 7.2. POS1 test 7.3. POS2 test 7.4. HASS cycle 7.5. Should burn-in tests be systematically conducted? 7.6. Test coverage 7.7. Economic aspect of burn-in

15 8 Run-In8.1. Run-in principle 8.2. Stabilization 8.3. Expression of the corresponding degradation 8.4. Optimization of the stabilization time 8.5. Estimation of a prediction interval of the degradation

16 List of Notations

17 List of Definitions

18 List of Acronyms

19 References

20 Index

21 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1. Bathtub curve example Figure 1.2. Fall leaves illustrating aging. For a color version of this figure, ... Figure 1.3. Failure instants for β = 3 and β = 10 Figure 1.4. Example of a car that has not been maintained. For a color version o... Figure 1.5. MTBF (mean time between failures) Figure 1.6. MTBF (mean time between failures). For a color version of this figur...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1. Phases of the product lifecycle. For a color version of this figure,... Figure 2.2. Stages of maturity. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste... Figure 2.3. Gilbert model Figure 2.4. Ishikawa method. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co... Figure 2.5. Dependability in quality risk managment. For a color version of this...Figure 2.6. The relationship between product quality and dependability Figure 2.7. Managing the operational and non-operational. For a color version of...Figure 2.8. Dependability in quality risk management. For a color version of thi...Figure 2.9. Dependability. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.u...Figure 2.10. Product operation stage. For a color version of this figure, see ww...Figure 2.11. Maturity building and confirmation process. For a color version of ...Figure 2.12. PDCA. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/bayle/...Figure 2.13. Process and product risk. For a color version of this figure, see w...Figure 2.14. Tests during the manufacturing stage. For a color version of this f...Figure 2.15. Confirmation of maturity. For a color version of this figure, see w...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Power derating according to the temperature of a CMS resistor Figure 3.2. Power derating for a Vishay CMS resistor under single pulse state Figure 3.3. Power derating for a Vishay CMS resistor under repetitive pulses Figure 3.4. Voltage derating for a Vishay CMS resistor Figure 3.5. Lifetime of an MLCC (multilayer ceramic capacitor) as a function of ...Figure 3.6. Temperature derating of voltage across a tantalum capacitor Figure 3.7. Temperature derating of the power dissipated by a tantalum capacitor Figure 3.8. Example of electrolytic capacitor Figure 3.9. Acceptable maximum peak power in a Tranzorb diode Figure 3.10. Temperature derating of the steady-state dissipated power Figure 3.11. Temperature derating of the dissipated pulse power Figure 3.12. Power derating of a power MOSFET Figure 3.13. Compromise between reliability and overdesign. For a color version ...Figure 3.14. Illustration of derating rules. For a color version of this figure,...Figure 3.15. Derating rate depending on activation energy. For a color version o...Figure 3.16. Acceleration factor depending on the derated temperature. For a col...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Overview diagram of an integrated circuit. For a color version of th...Figure 4.2. Example of components with limited service life according to FIDES g...Figure 4.3. Number of cycles depending on the thermal amplitude of the power tra...Figure 4.4. Service life in hours for photocouplers according to the RDF 2000. F...Figure 4.5. Service life of switches or push buttons according to the RDF 2000 Figure 4.6. Service life of connectors according to RDF 2000 Figure 4.7. Example of potential limited service life of interrupters and switch... Figure 4.8. Service life of batteries according to FIDES Figure 4.9. Comparison of the models of service life of an electrolytic capacito...Figure 4.10. Equivalence between the two models of service life of an electrolyt...Figure 4.11. Example of the maximal number of insertions/disinsertions for a con...Figure 4.12. Example of relay service life Figure 4.13. Illustration of optocoupler CTR Figure 4.14. Dispersion of optocoupler CTR Figure 4.15. Example of service life data of an optocoupler Figure 4.16. Example of the service life of an optocoupler Figure 4.17. Service life of lithium batteries (MDI). For a color version of thi...Figure 4.18. Trimmer illustration. For a color version of this figure, see www.i...Figure 4.19. Illustration of a rotary potentiometer

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. Diagram of a resistive bridge Figure 5.2. Example of quadratic analysis Figure 5.3. Estimation of the standard deviation of the normal law for Monte-Car...Figure 5.4. Comparison between thermal simulation and measurement. For a color v...Figure 5.5. MOSFET in Dpak package

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. Illustration of the principle of aggravated tests. For a color versi...Figure 6.2. Influence of aggravated tests on product reliability Figure 6.3. Examples of extrinsic decision criteria for conducting aggravated te...Figure 6.4. Examples of intrinsic decision criteria for conducting aggravated te...Figure 6.5. Comparison of the influence of physical contributions for aggravated...Figure 6.6. Principle of HALT tests. For a color version of this figure, see www...Figure 6.7. Finding the low temperature operational limit Figure 6.8. Finding the high temperature operational limit Figure 6.9. Finding the vibration operational limit Figure 6.10. Finding the operational limit for combined thermal cycling/vibratio...Figure 6.11. Links between margins and aggravated tests. For a color version of ...