Small Animal Surgical Emergencies

54 Chapter 55Figure 55.1 A seven‐year‐old spayed female Bullmastiff presented following t...Figure 55.2 (a) Streptococcal fasciitis following administration of marboflo...Figure 55.3 A five‐year‐old spayed Dachshund referred to the Ontario Veterin...Figure 55.4 Skin discoloration and erythema with minimal swelling was identi...Case Figure 55.1 Progressive left pelvic limb swelling three days following ...Figure 55.5 A six‐month‐old male Great Dane puppy presenting with hind limb ...Figure 55.6 (a–c) An appropriate length of bandage material soaked in raw ho...

55 Chapter 56Figure 56.1 A schematic composition of the cutis. Note that the stratum basa...Figure 56.2 A schematic representation of the perfusion to canine skin. Note...Figure 56.3 A shear wound in a two‐year‐old dog is healing by second intenti...Figure 56.4 A healed wound in the left inguinal area of a four‐year‐old dog ...Figure 56.5 Indolent wound in the right inguinal area of a 10‐year‐old cat. ...Figure 56.6 (a) A moderate anatomic degloving injury to the medial distal an...Figure 56.7 Physiologic degloving injury becomes apparent on the dorsum of a...Figure 56.8 Shear injury to the lateral left hock and metatarsus in a six‐ye...Figure 56.9 (a) Severe anatomic avulsion injury to the face of a six‐year‐ol...Figure 56.10 Abrasion injury to the left flank of a one‐year‐old dog. Althou...Figure 56.11 (a) This shear wound has been protected with liberal amounts of...Figure 56.12 Once the periwound has been clipped and cleansed, the open woun...Figure 56.13 Large degloving wound undergoing surgical debridement using ase...Figure 56.14 An anatomic degloving injury to the trunk. The large flap of sk...Figure 56.15 (a) A clear line of demarcation is appearing in this physiologi...Figure 56.16 (a) Pulsatile lavage units provide a combination of high‐pressu...Figure 56.17 (a) Open wounds can also be lavaged with copious quantities of ...Figure 56.18 Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) applied to the degloving...Figure 56.19 (a) Application of a wet‐to‐dry dressing onto a degloving wound...Figure 56.20 Calcium alginate dressings placed on degloving injuries. These ...Figure 56.21 Absorptive silastic foam dressing placed into a trunk degloving...Figure 56.22 Bandage change after three days of a combined calcium alginate ...Figure 56.23 Hydrogel dressing placed onto a granulation tissue bed. Althoug...Figure 56.24 Synthetic micropore placed onto a granulation tissue bed. This ...Figure 56.25 Petroleum‐impregnated dressing on granulating wound. These dres...Figure 56.26 Manuka honey placed onto a degloving wound. Another dressing, s...Figure 56.27 In an area difficult to bandage, the contact layer and the inte...

56 Chapter 57Figure 57.1 (a) Blood supply to the skin of the dog.(b) Direct cutaneous...Figure 57.2 Infected skin flap with seropurulent drainage.Figure 57.3 Postoperative seroma caused by gravity‐dependent dead space and ...Figure 57.4 Flap with a closed suction drain to minimize seroma formation.Figure 57.5 Skin edge dehiscence with granulation tissue formation on the ex...Case Figure 57.1 A transpositional subdermal plexus flap was performed follo...Case Figure 57.2 Moderate congestion with darkening of the edge of the flap....Case Figure 57.3 Subsequent bandage changes revealed progression of distal t...Figure 57.6 Line of demarcation of viable and non‐viable skin on a dog with ...Figure 57.7 Meshed skin graft to minimize seroma and facilitate drainage.

57 Chapter 59Figure 59.1 Patient in dorsal recumbency for ocular surgery.Figure 59.2 Anatomy of the globe.Figure 59.3 (a) Proptosed eye in a dog. (b) Post‐replacement tarsorrhaphy wi...Figure 59.4 Proptosed eye in a Pug with present indirect PLR. When the light...Figure 59.5 Proptosis in a mixed breed dog. The right eye has more than two ...Figure 59.6 Suture placement for replacing a proptosed eye. Globe proptosis ...Figure 59.7 Post‐replacement tarsorrhaphy complications. There is lateral st...Figure 59.8 Lateral strabismus in a mix breed dog prior to removal of the ta...Figure 59.9 (a) Orbital cyst post‐enucleation. (b) Surgical explore prior to...Figure 59.10 Eyelid laceration at the lateral canthus.Figure 59.11 (a) Immediate postoperative appearance of an eyelid mass remova...Figure 59.12 Eyelid laceration repair: The Meibomian glands are used as land...Figure 59.13 (a) Preoperative appearance of an eyelid laceration in a Husky ...Figure 59.14 (a) Chronic keratitis and ulceration after blepharoplasty. (b) ...Figure 59.15 (a) Corneal ulceration secondary to misalignment of the eyelid ...Figure 59.16 Third eyelid and corneal laceration from cat claw injury 36 hou...Figure 59.17 Laceration of the third eyelid that healed by second intention....Figure 59.18 Third eyelid laceration.Figure 59.19 Three‐week postoperative wedge resection of the leading edge of...Figure 59.20 Corneal foreign body.Figure 59.21 (a) Corneal foreign body. (b) Post‐flushing with 3‐cc luer lock...Figure 59.22 Foreign body spud. (a) To make a foreign body spud, take a 1‐cc...Figure 59.23 Full‐thickness penetrating corneal foreign body.Figure 59.24 (a) Corneal foreign body. (b) Post‐foreign body removal. (c) Th...Figure 59.25 (a) One day post‐cat claw laceration to the cornea and lens in ...Figure 59.26 Bacterial keratitis in a dog. A circular area of corneal malaci...Figure 59.27 (a) A corneal laceration in a dog. There is a full‐thickness, d...Figure 59.28 Reinflation of anterior chamber.Figure 59.29 (a) Corneal laceration in a Boston Terrier. (b) Immediately aft...Figure 59.30 Well‐incorporated conjunctival pedicle graft in a cat. One‐year...Figure 59.31 One‐year postoperative conjunctival pedicle graft surgery in a ...Figure 59.32 Creation and placement of a conjunctival graft. The graft is cr...Figure 59.33 (a) Deep corneal ulcer in a seven‐year‐old Lhasa Apso. (b) Trea...Figure 59.34 Complete failure and dehiscence of the conjunctival pedicle gra...

58 Chapter 60Figure 60.1 Cat with orofacial injuries from high‐rise trauma. Photograph (a...Figure 60.2 Dog with mandibular fracture. Photograph (a) and radiograph obta...Figure 60.3 Photographs of tape muzzles in a puppy with bilateral mandibular...Figure 60.4 Photograph (a) of a cat following manual reduction of temporoman...Figure 60.5 Radiograph (a) of a cat with mandibular symphyseal separation. P...Figure 60.6 Cat with temporomandibular joint luxation. Photograph (a) demons...Figure 60.7 Cat with open‐mouth jaw locking. Photograph (a) demonstrating sh...Figure 60.8 Dog with gunshot trauma. Photograph (a) showing severe hemorrhag...Figure 60.9 Kitten with injury caused by electricity. Photographs showing se...Figure 60.10 Kitten with lower lip avulsion. Note the exposed surface of the...

59 Chapter 61Figure 61.1 Bones of the carpus and portal placement. Needle or portal locat...Figure 61.2 Irrigation of the elbow. Needle or portal locations for elbow ir...Figure 61.3 Irrigation of the shoulder. Portal locations for shoulder irriga...Figure 61.4 Irrigation of the tarsus. (a) Dorsal aspect. Portal locations on...Figure 61.5 Irrigation of the stifle. (a) The patient should be placed in do...Figure 61.6 Irrigation of the hip. Portal locations for coxofemoral irrigati...Figure 61.7 Emergency management algorithm. IV, intravenous.

60 Chapter 62Figure 62.1 A type I open fracture of the tibia and fibula in a dog, showing...Figure 62.2 A type II open fracture of the tibia and fibula in a dog with a ...Figure 62.3 A type IIIB open fracture of the metatarsal bones in a dog with ...Figure 62.4 A type I open fracture on the distal femoral diaphysis in a youn...Figure 62.5 (a) Type III open fracture of the carpal bones with extensive lo...Figure 62.6 (a) Radiograph of a type IIIb open fracture of the tibia and fib...Figure 62.7 Intraoperative image of a type I open fracture of the radius and...Figure 62.8 (a) Lateral pelvic limb image of a type IIIb Anderson–Gustilo op...