Small Animal Surgical Emergencies

43 Chapter 44Figure 44.1 Electrocardiogram tracings from dogs requiring pacemaker therapy...Figure 44.2 Diagnostics for the pacemaker candidate.Figure 44.3 (a) Transcutaneous pacing equipment. The self adhesive pads are ...Figure 44.4 Permanent pacemaker generator.Figure 44.5 Temporary pacing system. Via transvenous approach, the tip of th...Figure 44.6 The distal ends of two types of permanent transvenous pacemaker ...Figure 44.7 The permanent pacemaker lead is connected to the generator with ...Figure 44.8 Lateral projection of a dog with a permanent transvenous pacemak...Figure 44.9 Placement of an epicardial pacemaker using a lateral thoracotomy...Figure 44.10 Lateral thoracotomy performed to place epicardial pacemaker. To...Figure 44.11 (a) The head of the programming device is held over the implant...Figure 44.12 Intracardiac electrogram recorded from a transvenous pacing lea...Figure 44.13 Ventrodorsal projection of a dog with a permanent transvenous p...

44 Chapter 45Figure 45.1 The presence of large pericardial effusion reserve is more obvio...Figure 45.2 Lateral and ventrodorsal views of a 13‐year‐old Miniature Poodle...Figure 45.3 Dog with dilated cardiomyopathy. There is marked generalized car...Figure 45.4 (a) Electrical alternans in a dog with pericardial effusion. (b)...Figure 45.5 Approach to the patient presenting with signs consistent with pe...Figure 45.6 Left lateral radiograph of a dog with pericardial effusion. An a...Figure 45.7 Once the pericardium has been entered, a tongue depressor can be...Figure 45.8 (a) Tumor of the right atrial appendage isolated with a Satinsky...Figure 45.9 (a) Tumor of the right atrial appendage in a large breed dog. (b...Figure 45.10 Diagram showing landmarks for a transdiaphragmatic approach wit...Figure 45.11 (a) Thoracoscopic image of a pericardiectomy. Laparoscopic gras...

45 Chapter 46Figure 46.1 Appropriate location of incision for lateral thoracotomy to perf...Figure 46.2 Anatomy of the internal thoracic artery and intercostal arteries...Figure 46.3 The phrenic nerve runs over the dorsal aspect of the heart. If o...Figure 46.4 Red‐rubber catheter, umbilical tape, and hemostats that can be m...Figure 46.5 Transdiaphragmatic approach to open‐chest cardiopulmonary resusc...

46 Chapter 47Figure 47.1 Algorithm for assessment of dystocia and management by cesarean ...Figure 47.2 The uterus is exteriorized and isolated with moistened laparotom...Figure 47.3 A fetus is gently brought to the incision site and removed with ...Figure 47.4 Fetal fluids are cleaned from the surgical field. Upper right: t...

47 Chapter 48Figure 48.1 A seven‐year‐old female mixed‐breed dog was presented for a one‐...Figure 48.2 (a) Lateral abdominal radiograph and (b) ultrasound of a middle‐...Figure 48.3 Ovariohysterectomy performed in a 10‐year‐old female Golden Retr...

48 Chapter 49Figure 49.1 A parasagittal section of the canine penis showing the internal ...Figure 49.2 Semi‐diagrammatic view of the canine penis. The pars longa gland...Figure 49.3 Examination of the penis requires full extrusion from the prepuc...Figure 49.4 Severe preputial and penile trauma in a Maltese cross dog that w...Figure 49.5 Penile prolapse (a) and os penis fracture (also note arrows poin...Figure 49.6 Penile strangulation that occurred due to entrapment by prepucia...Figure 49.7 Paraphimosis in a dog that sustained penile trauma and laceratio...Figure 49.8 Penile aspiration in the dog can easily be performed using a 19‐...Figure 49.9 Non‐ischaemic priapism was diagnosed in this entire male Golden ...Figure 49.10 Examples of other conditions affecting the penis which may pres...Figure 49.11 A bandage tie being used during presurgical preparation of the ...Figure 49.12 Partial penile amputation. (a) The penis is extruded, the ureth...Figure 49.13 The spatulated urethra is sutured to the tunica and penile muco...Figure 49.14 Elevation of the excised penis and prepuce from the ventral abd...Figure 49.15 The dog shown in Figure 49.14 immediately following surgery. Th...Figure 49.16 (a) Testicular torsion in a dog; the intra‐abdominal testicle w...Figure 49.17 A male Boxer was presented with a scrotal abscess and associate...

49 Chapter 50Figure 50.1 (a) Neurovascular supply to the pelvic region. (b) Vascular supp...Figure 50.2 Immature stage of prostatic development (birth to 4 months)...Figure 50.3 Adult prostatic development (4 months to 2 years). T...Figure 50.4 Benign prostatic hypertrophy glandular hyperplasia (< 4–5 years)...Figure 50.5 Benign prostatic hypertrophy complex hyperplasia (≥ 5 years)...Figure 50.6 Benign prostatic hypertrophy cystic hyperplasia. Changes in the ...Figure 50.7 Benign prostatic hypertrophy cystic prostatitis (cystic hyperpla...Figure 50.8 Prostatic abscessation. Epithelial cells increase in size and nu...Figure 50.9 Prostatic abscess. Sagittal ultrasound image of prostate gland s...Figure 50.10 Prostatic abscess. Fine‐needle aspirate cytologic preparation s...Figure 50.11 Abscess drainage. (a) Caudal laparotomy exposure of abscessed p...Figure 50.12 Abscess omentalization. (a) Fenestration of capsular walls of a...

50 Chapter 51Figure 51.1 (a) Dorsal view of the female genitalia. (b) Arterial blood supp...Figure 51.2 (a) An adult stray cat of unknown age was found and a full uteri...Figure 51.3 True vaginal prolapse or type III vaginal fold prolapse in a thr...Figure 51.4 Vaginal fold prolapse type I–II in a dog. Affected bitches are t...Figure 51.5 Type III vaginal fold prolapse. The clinician is generally confr...Figure 51.6 A pedunculated leiomyoma in a dog. A tumor can occasionally be c...Figure 51.7 Vaginal fold prolapse with sugar applied to the vaginal mucosa t...Figure 51.8 (a) A midline episiotomy incision was made for the dog in Figure...Figure 51.9 Surgical treatment for vaginal fold prolapse. (a) Location of ep...Figure 51.10 Surgical treatment for a vaginal prolapse. (a) The dog is place...

51 Chapter 52Figure 52.1 Initial assessment, resuscitation, and wound assessment in a pat...Figure 52.2 Middle‐aged Miniature Poodle that sustained bite wounds to the l...Figure 52.3 A five‐year‐old male castrated Cairn Terrier that sustained exte...Figure 52.4 A five‐year‐old female spayed Miniature Poodle presented after b...Figure 52.5 Treatment of a patient with a bite wound.Figure 52.6 Rib resection performed in a 10‐year‐old male castrated Weimaran...Figure 52.7 Delayed primary closure performed for the dog depicted in Figure...

52 Chapter 53Figure 53.1 Comprehensive assessment and stabilization of the burned patient...Figure 53.2 Burn wound assessment and treatment. SSD, silver sulfadiazine; T...Figure 53.3 (a) An approximately two‐year‐old, female spayed Pit Bull Terrie...Figure 53.4 (a) A 10‐year‐old female spayed Schnauzer with an infected radia...Figure 53.5 (a) A 10–year‐old male castrated Golden Retriever with a patholo...Case Figure 53.1 Commercially available heating disk used during magnetic re...Case Figure 53.2 Twenty‐four hours after magnetic resonance imaging, erythem...Case Figure 53.3 Daily burn care, with application of silver sulfadiazine an...Case Figure 53.4 Daily silver sulfadiazine application and care was continue...Case Figure 53.5 Eleven days after the burn injury, the extent of the wound ...Case Figure 53.6 An approximately 20 × 5 cm area of burned skin was resected...Case Figure 53.7 The incision healed without complication, as did the left i...

53 Chapter 54Figure 54.1 A lateral radiograph, immediately post myelographic study of a f...Case Figure 54.1 During exploratory sternotomy, a left ventricular laceratio...Case Figure 54.2 The left ventricular laceration was closed using two interr...Case Figure 54.3 During abdominal exploratory, a penetrating wound through t...Figure 54.2 (a) A nine‐year‐old male intact Shar Pei was presented after bei...Figure 54.3 A six‐year‐old male intact German Shepherd dog presented after b...Figure 54.4 A three‐year‐old male castrated Golden Retriever was presented w...Figure 54.5 An eight‐year‐old male castrated Golden Retriever was presented ...Case Figure 54.4 A 1.5 year‐old, female spayed mixed‐breed dog that presente...Case Figure 54.5 Quill embedded in the myocardium prior to removal. A mattre...Case Figure 54.6 Quill identified in the right kidney prior to removal. A ma...Figure 54.6 A middle‐aged Labrador Retriever was presented with acute hypers...