Small Animal Surgical Emergencies

18 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 (a) View from the diaphragm demonstrating the anatomic distribut...Figure 19.2 Method for obtaining a guillotine biopsy of hepatic parenchyma. ...Figure 19.3 Methods for obtaining a punch biopsy of hepatic parenchyma. This...Figure 19.4 Transection of this ligament allows for improved access to the h...Figure 19.5 (a) An incision into the muscular portion of the diaphragm has b...Figure 19.6 Isolation of the left lateral lobar hepatic artery and left late...Figure 19.7 A 12 Fr red rubber catheter has been placed on the nose of the D...

19 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Physical examination findings commonly identified in a patient w...Figure 20.2 Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs of a dog that had diarrhea ...Figure 20.3 Gastric wall defect. Note the marked gastric wall thickening mar...Figure 20.4 (a) Normal duodenal lymphoid nodule (arrow). Note the lack of hy...Figure 20.5 Small intestinal perforation, peritonitis, and pneumoperitoneum....Figure 20.6 (a) Ultrasonound image of a dog with a small intestinal ulcerati...Figure 20.7 Abdominal computed tomography image from a dog with a perforated...Figure 20.8 Endoscopic evaluation of a dog with intermittent vomiting reveal...Figure 20.9 Gastric ulceration and hemorrhage in the cardia of a dog with a ...

20 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Nasoesophageal feeding tube in a dog secured to the head using t...Figure 21.2 Nasoesophageal feeding tube in a cat secured to the head using t...Figure 21.3 Nasoesophageal feeding tube in a dog with an Elizabethan collar ...Figure 21.4 Esophagostomy feeding tube placement in a cat.(a) The cat is...Figure 21.5 A light collar used for dressing an esophagostomy tube in cats....Figure 21.6 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in a dog....Figure 21.7 Algorithm for consideration of assisted enteral feeding tube pla...Figure 21.8 Presence of infection at the insertion site of an esophagostomy ...

21 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 Causes of acute uremia.Case Figure 22.1 Electrocardiogram of a patient with hyperkalemia.Case Figure 22.2 Abdominal radiograph of a cat with cystic calculi. Multiple...Case Figure 22.3 Abdominal bruising in a dog that was hit by a car.Case Figure 22.4 Contrast cystogram of the dog confirms a ruptured urinary b...Figure 22.2 Treatment algorithm for the oliguric patient.

22 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 A 1.5‐year‐old female spayed Standard Poodle was presented for a...Figure 23.2 A three‐year‐old Chihuahua that was attacked by a Rottweiler. Bl...Figure 23.3 A six‐year‐old male castrated Jack Russell Terrier that was hit ...Figure 23.4 A six‐month‐old female spayed Wheaten Terrier who sustained an i...Figure 23.5 Renal descensus, cystopexy and nephrocystopexy performed in a do...Figure 23.6 Modified Boari flap. (a) A cranially based bladder flap is creat...

23 Chapter 24Figure 24.1 (a) Photograph of a cat after vehicular trauma. Ventral abdomina...Figure 24.2 Algorithm for management of suspected urinary tract injury.Figure 24.3 Electrocardiogram (ECG) from a dog that presented laterally recu...Figure 24.4 Photograph of an adult male dog after vehicular trauma. The diag...Figure 24.5 Lateral radiograph of an adult male dog after falling from a mot...Case Figure 24.1 (a) A positive‐contrast cystogram performed in a three‐year...Figure 24.6 Lateral radiograph of an adult male dog with a ruptured bladder....Figure 24.7 Ventrodorsal radiograph of an adult male dog with rupture of the...Figure 24.8 Intraoperative photograph of a juvenile female dog. The photogra...Figure 24.9 Neurovascular anatomy of the canine urinary bladder.Figure 24.10 Intraoperative photograph of a seven‐month‐old male Japanese Ch...Figure 24.11 Lateral abdominal radiograph of an adult female dog after vehic...

24 Chapter 25Figure 25.1 Lateral radiograph of a stray adult female cat that presented wi...Figure 25.2 (a) An adult male dog that presented with bite wounds in the ing...Case Figure 25.1 (a) Positive contrast urethrogram revealing multiple small ...Figure 25.3 Fluoroscopic image of a young male cat with idiopathic lower uri...Figure 25.4 Anatomy of the bladder and urethra of male dogs.Figure 25.5 Anatomy of the bladder and urethra of male cats.Figure 25.6 (a) Lateral radiograph of a five‐year‐old Dachshund that present...Figure 25.7 Lateral radiograph of an adult male dog. An anal sacculectomy wa...Figure 25.8 Algorithm for the management of suspected urethral trauma.; Case Figure 25.2 (a) Abdominal radiograph showing extravasation of contras...Figure 25.9 Pubic osteotomy. (a) The pubis is transected at three sites. Hol...Figure 25.10 Pubic and ischial osteotomy. (a) The obturator foramina are exp...Figure 25.11 Intraoperative photographs of a 10‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog tha...Figure 25.12 (a) Positive‐contrast urethrography in a four‐month‐old male La...Figure 25.13 Penile amputation and scrotal urethrostomy in a dog. (a) Preope...

25 Chapter 26Figure 26.1 Use of a paddle to compress the abdomen caudal to the kidney may...Figure 26.2 Urinary tract ultrasound of a cat diagnosed with a ureteral calc...Figure 26.3 Computed tomography; transverse section through the left kidney ...Figure 26.4 The 45‐degree jeweler's forceps are blunt and useful for stone r...Figure 26.5 Pierce microtissue forceps have “teeth” that are useful for ston...Figure 26.6 Vessel dilators are useful in dilation of the terminal portion o...Figure 26.7 Approximating clamp with cleats can be useful to atraumatically ...Figure 26.8 A stone can be seen through the wall of this obstructed ureter (...Figure 26.9 (a) Ureterotomy incisions are made just proximal to the obstruct...Figure 26.10 A renal descensus and cystonephropexy was performed in conjunct...Figure 26.11 Simple interrupted sutures are placed full thickness to close t...Figure 26.12 Completed ureterotomy incision should be watertight if adequate...Figure 26.13 Ureteral anastomosis. Following spatulation of the ureter, an i...Figure 26.14 Intravesicular neoureterocystostomy is performed by placing the...Figure 26.15 The remaining sutures are placed to complete the intravesicular...Figure 26.16 The extravesicular neoureterocystostomy is performed with a sma...Figure 26.17 The ureteral wall is sutured to the mucosal layer of the bladde...Figure 26.18 The seromuscular layer is closed over the ureter in a simple in...Figure 26.19 A ureteral stent is being placed using an antegrade approach to...Figure 26.20 A ureteral stent that migrated into the bladder in a cat.

26 Chapter 27Figure 27.1 Overlapping box suture for securing cystostomy tube. (a) A Pezze...Figure 27.2 A seven‐year‐old male castrated Brussels Griffon that was recent...Figure 27.3 Scrotal urethrostomy. (a) A urethral catheter is placed in a ret...Figure 27.4 Urethrostomy in a clinical patient. (a) Structures identified fo...Figure 27.5 (a) The cat is positioned in ventral recumbency with an anal pur...Figure 27.6 The figure‐of‐eight suture pattern allows precise apposition of ...Figure 27.7 Transpelvic urethrostomy in cat (a). The cat is positioned in do...Figure 27.8 Prepubic urethrostomy. (a, inset) The dashed line indicates the ...Figure 27.9 (a–c) A seven‐year‐old male castrated Beagle was presented for a...

27 Chapter 28Figure 28.1 Orthopneic dog with head and neck extended, receiving oxygen sup...Figure 28.2 (a) Dog with subcutaneous emphysema due to a tracheal laceration...Figure 28.3 Dog receiving high‐flow nasal oxygen therapy. Bilateral nasal ca...Figure 28.4 Example of setup for endotracheal intubation including various‐s...Figure 28.5 Insertion of a large‐bore catheter between tracheal rings into t...Figure 28.6 The end of the catheter can be attached directly to the gas outl...

28 Chapter 29Figure 29.1 (a) A standard cuffed endotracheal tube can be used. (b) The ada...Figure 29.2 (a) A commercial cuffed tracheostomy tube, with (b) obturator, a...Figure 29.3 (a) An advanced cuffed tracheostomy tube with oxygen administrat...Figure 29.4 Anatomy of the trachea.Figure 29.5 An incision (a) is made starting at the level of the cricoid car...Figure 29.6 Permanent tracheostomy. Mattress sutures (yellow arrows) are pre...Figure 29.7 Permanent tracheostomy. Mattress sutures are preplaced through t...