Small Animal Surgical Emergencies

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Cat with open mouth breathing secondary to the pain associated wi... Figure 1.2 Lateral thoracic radiograph showing cranioventral pulmonary infil... Figure 1.3 Continuous pulse oximetry assessment in a laterally recumbent dog... Figure 1.4 TFAST ultrasonographic appearance (still image) of a B‐line, whic... Figure 1.5 Bright pink mucous membranes in a dog with septic peritonitis. Figure 1.6 Cadaveric dissection of the urethral papilla in a female dog, whi... Figure 1.7 Distal end of a locking loop, or pigtail, catheter. The catheter ...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Balfour retractor (bottom left), Poole suction tip (top left), st... Figure 2.2 Portable suction machine. Figure 2.3 Stapling device and cartridge options. Figure 2.4 The bipolar vessel sealing device (LigaSure, Medtronics, Dublin I... Figure 2.5 An assortment of Hemoclip ®and Ligaclip ®sizes, Surgice... Figure 2.6 Instrumentation available to perform a ureterotomy in a cat. (a) ... Figure 2.7 Weck‐Cel ®cellulose eye spears are used to absorb and wick f... Figure 2.8 Silicone vessel loops retracting a ureter containing a ureterolit... Figure 2.9 Silicone vessel loops retracting a ureter. Figure 2.10 Operating microscope set‐up prior to patient placement between t... Figure 2.11 (a) Perineal urethrostomy set‐up prior to positioning of patient... Figure 2.12 Patient positioning for dorsal perineal urethrostomy approach. Figure 2.13 Perineal urethrostomy instrumentation, including small Gelpi (bo... Figure 2.14 Intraoperative perineal urethrostomy surgery of a cat in dorsal ... Figure 2.15 Contrast study in a male dog identifying the location of a ureth... Figure 2.16 Contrast extravasation from a tear in the urinary bladder in a p... Figure 2.17 (a) Temporary tracheostomy set. (b) Additional equipment to perf... Figure 2.18 Tape straps are placed behind the patient's canine teeth to allo... Figure 2.19 Finochietto rib retractors, which are supplied in multiple sizes... Figure 2.20 Use of a TA30 stapling device for a lung lobectomy. Figure 2.21 Chest tube instrumentation for thoracic cavity evacuation includ... Figure 2.22 Sternal thoracotomy instrumentation, including sternal wire with... Figure 2.23 Parker Kerr retractors. Figure 2.24 Cooley/Satinsky vascular clamps. Figure 2.25 (a) Right‐angle mixter forceps (size appropriate) to aide with b... Figure 2.26 Malleable retractors for retraction of the lungs during thoracic... Figure 2.27 (a) A neonatal supply box. (b) Contents of the box; appropriate ... Figure 2.28 For penile surgery, umbilical tape may be used to help keep the ... Figure 2.29 Gelpi retractors. Figure 2.30 Babcock tissue forceps. Figure 2.31 Drains: (a) passive (Penrose); (b) active (JP). Figure 2.32 Blunt probe. Figure 2.33 Materials used for vacuum‐assisted wound closure. Figure 2.34 Equipment for preoperative periocular surgical preparation. Figure 2.35 Sterile preparation kit used to aseptically cleanse the patient'... Figure 2.36 Large dental surgical instrument set for more complex procedures... Figure 2.37 (a) Part I periodontal extraction cassette. (b) Part II periodon... Figure 2.38 Top: Garant mixing tips. Left to right: 16‐gauge needles to guid... Figure 2.39 3 M ™ESPE ™4 : 1/10 : 1 Garant dispenser automatical... Figure 2.40 Ingress needle shown delivering pressurized fluid into affected ... Figure 2.41 Components of a portable arthroscopy tower, including an imaging... Figure 2.42 Routine orthopedic instrument set. Figure 2.43 String of Pearls ®set. Figure 2.44 (a) Nuts and bolts set. (b) Carbon fiber rods and clamp set. (c)... Figure 2.45 Application of carbon fiber rods and clamps in external fixation... Figure 2.46 The I‐Loc set contains three color‐coded trays indicating size....

3 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Typical obstruction sites for bulky (bone) foreign bodies. Figure 4.2 Radiograph of an osseous foreign body within a dog's caudal thora... Figure 4.3 Pathophysiology of esophageal injury. Figure 4.4 Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax following forceps retrieval of... Figure 4.5 A markedly widened caudal mediastinum is seen here, due to the pr... Figure 4.6 Endoscopic view of a bone (condyle) lodged in the thoracic esopha... Figure 4.7 Esophagitis caused by pressure from the (removed) bone is now see... Figure 4.8 Custom‐made esophageal forceps with 75 cm shaft and toothed grasp... Figure 4.9 A management algorithm for esophageal foreign bodies. FB, foreign... Figure 4.10 Stay sutures employed to elevate and manipulate the esophagus in... Figure 4.11 Omentum exteriorized via a paracostal laparotomy, in preparation... Figure 4.12 Diaphragmatic patch (P) sutured in place to buttress the esophag... Case Figure 4.1 Lateral thoracic radiograph identifying a very large bone wi... Case Figure 4.2 A thoracic drain and a gastrostomy tube are placed after rem... Figure 4.13 Radiograph demonstrating a large fishhook within the thoracic es... Figure 4.14 (a) Endoscopic view (looking distally) of a fishhook within the ... Figure 4.15 Radiograph demonstrating a needle embedded in the esophageal wal... Figure 4.16 (a) Marked soft‐tissue swelling and subcutaneous emphysema commo... Figure 4.17 A splinter of wood being retrieved during a ventral midline expl...

4 Chapter 5 Figure 5.1 Removal of solidified wood glue from the stomach of a dog. Note t... Figure 5.2 (a) A right lateral radiograph of a dog that ingested pebbles. No... Figure 5.3 (a) Transverse sonogram of the duodenum at the level of the duode... Figure 5.4 (a) Foreign body within the stomach. The stomach has been packed ... Figure 5.5 A string foreign body under the tongue of a cat. Figure 5.6 Anatomy of the stomach and duodenum including the entrance of nor... Figure 5.7 (a) and (b) Discrete foreign body lodged within the small intesti... Figure 5.8 Luminal disparity can be corrected by transecting the smaller int... Figure 5.9 (a) and (b) A longitudinal incision is made along the antimesente... Figure 5.10 Small intestinal plication secondary to a linear foreign body in... Figure 5.11 Perforation of the small intestine at the mesenteric border, sec...

5 Chapter 6 Figure 6.1 Lateral radiographic projection of a cat with an obstruction and ... Figure 6.2 Transverse ultrasound image of small intestinal intussusception.... Figure 6.3 Longitudinal ultrasound image of small intestinal intussusception... Figure 6.4 Algorithm for fluid resuscitation in patients with intussusceptio... Figure 6.5 Intraoperative photograph of a jejunojejunal intussusception in a... Figure 6.6 Intraoperative photograph of a small intestinal intussusception i... Figure 6.7 Intraoperative photograph of enteroplication. A resection and ana... Figure 6.8 Resected segment of intestine submitted for histopathologic analy...

6 Chapter 7 Figure 7.1 Cat with rectal prolapse. Note the minimal ability to insert hemo... Figure 7.2 (a) Two‐year‐old female intact mixed‐ breed dog presented for rec... Figure 7.3 A patient with rectal prolapse positioned for rectal resection an... Figure 7.4 (a) Intraoperative image of rectal resection and anastomosis. A 1...

7 Chapter 8 Figure 8.1 Standard poodle collapsed with abdominal distension due to gastri... Figure 8.2 Right lateral abdominal radiograph showing gastric dilatation and... Figure 8.3 Right lateral abdominal radiograph showing gastric dilatation and... Figure 8.4 (a) Once an area of tympany is identified, a 14‐ or 16‐gauge over... Figure 8.5 Measuring stomach tube prior to orogastric intubation. The end of... Figure 8.6 Bandage roll placed in dog's mouth as a gag and to facilitate pas... Figure 8.7 Series of intraoperative images showing derotation of the stomach... Figure 8.8 Intraoperative images of gastric necrosis at exploratory laparoto... Figure 8.9 Series of intraoperative images showing the technique for incisio... Figure 8.10 Series of intraoperative images showing the technique for belt‐l... Figure 8.11 Series of intraoperative images showing the technique for tube g...