Joe Mayhew - Large Animal Neurology

1 Cover

2 Title Page Large Animal Neurology Third edition I. G. Joe Mayhew Massey University Palmerston North, NZ Robert J. MacKay University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, USA

3 Copyright Page

4 Preface to third edition

5 About the companion website

6 Part I: Evaluation of Large Animal Neurologic Patients 1 Practical neuroanatomy Basic descriptive terminology References 2 Neurologic evaluation Overview Signalment History Procedure for the neurologic examination Interpretation of findings Final interpretation: where and what is the lesion? Initial plan References 3 Ancillary diagnostic aids Routine clinicopathological tests Genetic markers Cerebrospinal fluid analysis Electrodiagnostic testing Neuroimaging Spinal endoscopy Brain biopsy References 4 Pathologic responses of the nervous system Gross changes visible in nervous tissues General histologic reactions of cells of the nervous system Neuropathologic responses in the various mechanisms of disease References

7 Part II: Clinical Problems in Large Animal Neurology 5 Disorders of behavior References 6 Seizures and epilepsy References 7 Sleep and acute collapse disorders References 8 Coma and other altered states of consciousness References 9 Blindness References 10 Miosis, mydriasis, anisocoria, and Horner syndrome References 11 Strabismus References 12 Dropped mandible and masticatory muscle atrophy References 13 Decreased and Increased facial sensation References 14 Facial paralysis and facial spasm References 15 Pharyngeal dysphagia References 16 Dilated esophagus References 17 Laryngeal paresis and paralysis: roaring References 18 Tongue Paralysis References 19 Head tilt, circling, nystagmus, and other signs of vestibular dysfunction References 20 Deafness References 21 Disorders of posture and movement Pure postural deformities Opisthotonus and tetanus Tetany and tremor Other localized muscle spasms, movement disorders, and gait abnormalities References 22 Incoordination of the head, neck, trunk and limbs: cerebellar diseases References 23 Tetraparesis, paraparesis, and ataxia of the limbs: spinal cord diseases References 24 Diffuse weakness References 25 Paresis and paralysis of one limb: monoparesis References 26 Bilateral brachial paresis to paralysis Reference 27 Urinary bladder distention, dilated rectum and anus, and atonic tail: cauda equina syndrome References 28 Pruritus, self‐mutilation, headshaking, complex regional pain syndrome, and miscellaneous distressing disorders References 29 Autonomic nervous system dysfunction References 30 Vertebral and paravertebral problems: stiff neck and sore back References

8 Part III: Mechanisms and Specific Diseases 31 Congenital, familial, and genetic disorders Citrullinemia Maple syrup urine disease Status spongiosus of white matter in newborn Gelbvieh‐cross calves Cerebellar hypoplasia Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia in Churra sheep Cerebellar abiotrophy Bovine familial convulsions and ataxia Ovine cerebellar cortical degeneration (daft lamb disease) Dandy–Walker syndrome Arnold–Chiari malformation Miscellaneous cerebellar degenerative disorders Congenital myoclonia (neuraxial edema) of Hereford calves Congenital myoclonus in Peruvian Paso foals and Merino lambs Lavender foal syndrome, tetany syndrome in Arabian foals, and coat color dilution lethal Spinal dysmyelination in crossbred American Brown Swiss and in Braunvieh calves Congenital tremor syndrome Encephalopathy in neonatal Swaledale lambs Miscellaneous forebrain malformations Familial epilepsy in cattle Benign epilepsy of foals Narcolepsy with cataplexy Narcolepsy without cataplexy Sporadic idiopathic (essential, primary) hypersomnia in adult patients Hydrocephalus Hydranencephaly Limousin cattle encephalopathy Simmental cattle encephalomyelopathy Encephalomyelopathy of Angus calves Romney sheep spongiform leukoencephalomyelopathy Lysosomal storage diseases Portosystemic vascular anomalies Neuroaxonal dystrophy Familial ataxia in Merino sheep Progressive ataxia of Charolais cattle Bovine progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy (Weaver syndrome) Degenerative axonopathy in Tyrolean gray calves (Demetz syndrome) Central and peripheral axonopathy in Rouge‐des‐pres (Maine Anjou) calves Progressive myelopathy in cattle Spinal muscular atrophy Motor neuron disease in Romney lambs Shaker calf syndrome Neurofibrillary degeneration Myofibrillar hypoplasia in piglets (congenital adductor weakness) Progressive paresis in Angora goats Occipitoatlantoaxial malformations Cervicothoracic subluxation in sheep Bovine complex vertebral malformation Congenital chondrodystrophy in beef cattle Myelodysplasia and congenital vertebral malformations Optic nerve hypoplasia Congenital stationary night blindness—nyctalopia Congenital sensorineural deafness Bilateral convergent strabismus and exophthalmos Divergent strabismus Juvenile pendular nystagmus Congenital flaccid mandible in newborn calves and lambs Spastic syndrome of adult cattle Spastic paresis of calves Familial neuropathy of Gelbvieh cattle Congenital hypomyelination sensory neuropathy Hindlimb spasticity in piglets Arthrogryposis (Gr: arthron = joint; gryposis = curvature) The myotonias Myotonia congenita Myotonic dystrophy and myotonic myopathy Nonmyotonic congenital and familial muscular dystrophies and myopathies Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses Congenital myasthenic syndromes Porcine stress syndrome and malignant hyperthermia Equine glycogen storage metabolic myopathies Mitochondrial myopathy Equine familial isolated hypoparathyroidism References 32 Infectious, inflammatory, and immune diseases Bacterial Viral Other agents Inflammatory and immune mechanisms References 33 Physical, chemical, and thermal causes Physical injury Chemical causes Thermal causes References 34 Toxic diseases Chemical and organic toxins Plant and plant‐related toxins Bacterial toxins Miscellaneous biotoxicities References 35 Nutritional diseases Vitamin A deficiency Mulberry heart disease of pigs—vitamin E deficiency Polioencephalomalacia and cerebrocotical necrosis in ruminants Pantothenic acid deficiency Masseter myopathy in horses (myopathy of muscles of mastication and deglutition) Nicotinic acid deficiency Equine motor neuron disease Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (equine neuroaxonal dystrophy) Enzootic ataxia—swayback—copper deficiency Nutritional myodegeneration—white muscle disease—myodegeneration and steatitis References 36 Metabolic diseases Hepatic encephalopathy Hyperammonemia Uremic encephalopathy Hypocalcemia (milk fever) and hypomagnesemia (grass staggers) Ketosis (with hypoglycemia) in ruminants Hypoglycemia Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Hypokalemic syndrome in cattle Anesthetic‐related hypoxia and anoxia Cardiocirculatory collapse—shock References 37 Neoplasms and other tumors Brain Neurocranium and cranial nerves Spinal cord Peripheral nerves Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects References 38 Multifactorial and idiopathic disorders Equine neonatal encephalopathy Nervous form of coccidiosis Brainstem neuronal chromatolysis in cattle (bovine tauopathy) Postanesthetic cerebral necrosis in horses Sleep attacks—adult Cervical vertebral malformation–malarticulation of horses Cervical compressive myelopathy in young Texel and Beltex sheep Congenital spinal stenosis of thoracolumbar vertebrae in beef calves Selective poliomyelomalacia of sheep, goats, and calves Postanesthetic myelopathy Vascular malformations Discospondylosis Neurofibrillary degeneration Embolic myelopathy Miscellaneous degenerative myelopathies Equine grass sickness (equine dysautonomia) Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy Aortic–iliac–femoral thrombosis and ischemic neuromyopathy Idiopathic neuropathy with knuckling in horses Acquired equine polyneuropathy of Nordic horses Stiff‐horse syndrome Kangaroo gait in sheep Flying scapulae in ruminants Dropped hock syndrome in cattle Exertional rhabdomyolysis and capture myopathy Postanesthetic limb myoneuropathy References