Martin Jacques - When China Rules the World

[411]The people are real but the names are fictitious. The discussion took place in April 1999.

[412]Maddison, The World Economy: Historical Statistics , pp. 258, 261.

[413]Dominic Wilson and Anna Stupnytska, ‘The N-11: More Than an Acronym’, Goldman Sachs, Global Economic Papers , 153, 28 March 2007, p. 8.

[414]Ibid., p. 4.

[415]Maddison, The World Economy: Historical Statistics , p. 258.

[416]According to Johnny Tuan, who runs his own pop music label, Western pop music, the music of choice for many in the 1970s, now represents a very small segment of a market in which mando-pop is overwhelmingly dominant. Interview with Johnny Tuan, Chairman, Rock Records Co. Ltd, Taipei, March 1999; also interview with Wei-Chung Wang, Taipei, March 1999.

[417]Another example is the revival of traditional instruments, for example, the kayagŭm in South Korea. Hee-sun Kim, ‘Kayagŭm Shin’Gok, New Music for Antiquity: Musical Construction of Identity in Contemporary South Korea’, unpublished paper, 2005.

[418]Interview with Hung Tze Jan, Taipei, March 1999.

[419]‘Revolution for a New Ruling Class as the Money-spinning IPL Gets Started’, Daily Mail , 17 April 2008; Richard Williams, ‘It’s the End of the World as We Know It (and Cricket Will Be Fine)’, Guardian , 22 April 2008.

[420]This has begun to change as reflected in recent books such as Fareed Zakaria, The Post-American World (London: Allen Lane, 2008) and Bill Emmott, Rivals: How the Power Struggle Between China, India and Japan Will Shape Our Next Decade (London: Allen Lane, 2008). Also see Kishore Mahbubani, The New Asian Hemisphere: The Irresistible Shift of Global Power to the East (New York: Public Affairs, 2008).

[421]‘ Guangdong Factories Drop Cheap for Chic’, South China Morning Post , 17 March 2008.

[422]John Gittings, The Changing Face of China (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 186.

[423] People’s Daily , 1 July 1987, quoted in ibid., p. 186, also pp. 165, 178, 184.

[424]Zheng Yongnian, Discovering Chinese Nationalism in China: Modernization, Identity, and International Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 31-2.

[425]Zheng Yongnian, Will China Become Democratic?: Elite, Class and Regime Transition (Singapore: EAI, 2004), p. 34.

[426]Zheng Yongnian, Discovering Chinese Nationalism in China , pp. 31-2.

[427]Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance: China Confronts Globalisation’, Pacific Review , 17: 4 (2004), p. 526; Gittings, The Changing Face of China , p. 252; Zheng Yongnian, Will China Become Democratic? , p. 241; Zhao Suisheng, A Nation-State by Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese Nationalism (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004), p. 217.

[428]Gittings, The Changing Face of China , p. 254.

[429]Deng offered his pragmatic support for the model of the East Asian developmental state; Zhao, A Nation-State by Construction , p. 30.

[430]Peter Nolan, Transforming China: Globalisation, Transition and Development (London: Anthem Press, 2005), pp. 185, 187-8.

[431]Zhao, A Nation-State by Construction , pp. 142-7, 242. Also, Shi Anbin, ‘Me diating Chinese-ness: Identity Politics and Media Culture in Contemporary China’, in Anthony Reid and Zheng Yangwen, eds, Negotiating Asymmetry: China’s Place in Asia (Singapore: NUSPress, 2009,), p. 16.

[432]Wang Hui, China’s New Order (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003), pp. 96-124; interview with Wang Hui, Beijing, 23 May 2006; interview with Fang Ning, Beijing, 7 December 2005; and Wang Xiaodong, ‘Chinese Nationalism under the Shadow of Globalisation’, lecture at the London School of Economics and Political Science, 7 February 2005.

[433]Danni Rodrik, One Economics Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic Growth (Princeton: Princeton University, 2007), pp. 238-9.

[434]Angus Maddison, Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run, Second Edition, Revised and Updated: 960 - 2030 AD (Paris: OECD, 2007), pp. 64, 89.

[435]Wang Gungwu, ‘Rationalizing China’s Place in Asia, 1800–2005: Beyond the Literati Consensus’, in Reid and Zheng, Negotiating Asymmetry , p. 5.

[436]Gittings, The Changing Face of China , p. 186.

[437]Zheng Yongnian, Will China Become Democratic ? p. 33.

[438]Ibid., pp. 238-9.

[439]Yu Yongding, ‘Opinions on Structure Reform and Exchange Rate Regimes Against the Backdrop of the Asian Financial Crisis’, unpublished paper, Japanese Ministry of Finance, 2000, pp. 1-11; Wang Yizhou, ‘Political Stability and International Relations in the Process of Economic Globalisation — Another Perspective on Asia’s Financial Crisis’, unpublished article, Beijing, 2000, pp. 1-13; and Wang Zhengyi, ‘Conceptualising Economic Security and Governance: China Confronts Globalisation’, Pacific Review , 17:4 (2000), p. 542.

[440]Yu Yongding, ‘ China ’s Structural Adjustment’, unpublished paper, Seoul Conference, 2005, p. 2.

[441]Nolan, Transforming China , p. 61; Lex, ‘ China and International Law’, Financial Times , 30 April 2008.

[442]Clyde Prestowitz, Three Billion New Capitalists: The Great Shift of Wealth and Power to the East (New York: Basic Books, 2006), p. 61.

[443]George J. Gilboy, ‘The Myth behind China ’s Miracle’, Foreign Affairs , July/ August 2004, pp. 4–5.

[444]‘The Dragon and the Eagle Survey’, The Economist , 2 October 2004, p. 11.

[445]Maddison, Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run , p. 69.

[446]Yu Yongding, ‘ China ’s Structural Adjustment’, p. 1

[447]Interview with Yu Yongding, Singapore, 3 March 2006.

[448]Andy Xie, Asia/Pacific Economics , report for Morgan Stanley, November 2002.

[449]‘ Guangdong Factories Drop Cheap for Chic’, South China Morning Post , 17 March 2008; ‘End of an Era for Pearl River Delta’, South China Morning Post , 9 February 2008.

[450]Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Rise, Twin Surplus and the Change of China’s Development Strategy’, unpublished paper, Namura Tokyo Club Conference, Kyoto, 21 November 2005, p. 12.

[451]Ibid., p. 11.

[452]Maddison, Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run, pp. 94-6.

[453]Interview with Yu Yongding, Beijing, 6 December 2005: Wang Gungwu, ‘Ration alizing China ’s Place in Asia ’, in Reid and Zheng, Negotiating Asymmetry , p. 5.

[454]Yu Yongding, ‘ China ’s Rise, Twin Surplus and the Change of China’s Development Strategy’, p. 2.

[455]Prestowitz, Three Billion New Capitalists , p. 74.

[456]Joseph Stiglitz, ‘Development in Defiance of the Washington Consensus’, Guardian , 13 April 2006.

[457]Oded Shenkar, The Chinese Century: The Rising Chinese Economy and Its Impact on the Global Economy, the Balance of Power and Your Job (New Jersey: Wharton School Publishing, 2006), p. 114.

[458]Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Macroeconomic Development, Exchange Rate Policy and Global Imbalances’, unpublished paper, Asahi Shimbun Symposium, October 2005, pp. 2–3.

[459]Tom Mitchell and Geoff Dyer, ‘Heat in the Workshop’, Financial Times , 14 October 2007; ‘Inflation: China ’s Least Wanted Export’, Financial Times , 12 November 2007.

[460]Interview with Yu Yongding, Beijing, 6 December 2005.

[461]Ibid.

[462]The World Bank predicted a fall of almost 2 per cent in China’s growth rate in 2008 as compared with 2007; ‘China “On Course for Growth Slowdown”’, Financial Times , 4 February, 2008.