Christopher Hibbert - Rome. The Biography of the City

James, Henry (1843–1916), 274–6, 281

James, William (1842–1910), 285

Janiculum, S. Pancrazio, 78, 181, 202, 259–61, 315

Janus Quadrilous, 78

Jerome, St (348–420), 64, 70, 72

Jesuits, 167, 228, 229

Jews, 156; Carnival, 125, 173, 205; fountain for, 181; Nazi occupation, 300–301; Paul IV and, 172, 173; Sacro Possesso of Leo X, 149; Titus's treatment of, 51

John XII, Pope (r. 955–64), 83–4

John XIII, Pope (r. 965–72), 84, 85

John XIV, Pope (r. 983–4), 85

John XVI, anti-Pope (r. 997–8), 85

John XXIII, anti-Pope (r. 1410–15), 112

John XXIII, Pope (r. 1958–63), 306, 344

Joyce, James (1882–1941), 285

Judaeorum, the, 143

Julia (39 B.C.-A.D. 14), 38

Julia Maesa (d. A.D. 226), 61

Julius II, Pope (r. 1503–13): appearance, 139; lamented, 146; and Michelangelo, 144, 146; new Basilica of St. Peter, 139, 141–2, 143; personality, 139, 140; Swiss Guards, 140; tomb, 143–4, 146, 158; Vatican, 142–3

Julius III, Pope (r. 1550–55), 170, 171, 172

Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor (483–565), 74

Juvenal, (b. c .55–60, d. after 127), 55, 56–7, 58

Kappler, Colonel, 301

Kauffman, Angelica (1741–1807), 219

Keats, John (1795–1821), 222, 276, 367

Keats-Shelley Memorial, 363

Kent, William (1686–1748), 222, 363

Kesselring, Albert (1885–1960), 300, 302

Koch, Pietro, 301

Laetus, Julius Pomponius (1428–98), 125, 128

Lambruschini, Luigi (1776–1854), 245, 246

Landini, Taddeo (c. 1550–96), 342

Lanfranco, Giovanni (1581–1647), 352

Lares and Penates, shrine of, 36

Largo di Torre Argentina, 291

Lateran Palace: ancient bronzes, 128; Baptistery, 73; books of magic, 86; Cavallini, 96; Constantine gives, 68; death of pontiff, 85; dining hall, 81; Emperor Henry IV in, 88; Eugenius IV renovates, 115; falling into ruin, 105; Gregory VII, 88; Innocent III renovates, 92; Leo X, 149; pagan antiquities outside, 94; reconstructed, 95; Sancta sanctorum, 68, 329; Scala Sancta, 68, 273, 329; Sistine Loggia, 355; Sixtus V, 175

law, Roman: Twelve Tables, 9, 13, 56; women, 56; law courts, 29–30, 69

Laurence, St (d. 258), 68, 76

Leaping Priests (Salii), 5

Lemoyne, Jean Baptiste (1704–78), 359

Leo III, the Isaurian Emperor (c.675/80–741), 78

Leo I, the Great, Pope and Saint (r. 440–61), 72

Leo III, Pope and Saint (r. 795–816), 80, 81, 329

Leo IV, Pope and Saint (r. 847–55), 81

Leo V, Pope (r. 903), 84

Leo VIII, Pope (r. 963–5), 83, 84

Leo IX, Pope and Saint (r. 1049–54), 86

Leo X, Pope (r. 1513–21), 147–52 passim

Leo XII, Pope (r. 1823–9), 244

Leo XIII, Pope (r. 1878–1903), 278

Leonardo da Vinci, (1452–1519), 138

Leonine Wall, 337; Borgo, 83; civitas Leonina , 92; defended, 260; encloses St Peter's, 81; Henry IV's troops through, 88; Population within, 92; reinforced, 157

Leopardi, Giacomo (1798–1837), 222

Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius, (d. 13/12 B. C.), 34

Lesseps, Ferdinand, Vicomte de (1805–94), 262

Ligorio, Pirro, ( c .1500–1583), 171, 175, 353

Lippi, Filippino (1457–1504), 343

Liszt, Franz (1811–86), 222

Livia, (Julia Augusta, 58 B.C.-A.D. 29), 36, 321

Livius Andronicus, Lucius ( c .284-c.204 B.C.), 50

Livy (64 B.C.-A.D. 12 or B.C.-A.D. 17): on Bacchanalia, 16; history of Rome, 3, 4–5, 7; invasion of Rome by Gallic nomads, 13–14; Octavian and, 34; Romans and Sabines, 4–5; Tarquin consults the oracle, 7

Lombardi, Carlo (1554–1620), 338

Longhi, Martino, the elder (d. 1591): Borghese Palace, 181, 356; churches, 354, 362; clock tower, 342; Riario Palace, 347

Longhi, Martino, the younger (1602–60), 336, 361

Lotto, Lorenzo ( c . 1480–1556), 349

Louis XIV, King (1638–1715), 230

Louis Napoleon, later Napoleon III, Emperor, (1808–73), 252, 273

Loyola, St Ignatius of (1491–1 556), 167, 354

Lucius II, Pope (r. 1144–5), 90

Lucretia, 7–8

Ludovisi, Prince Niccolò, 191

Lumisden, Andrew (1720–1801), 219

Lungara, the 143

Lupa , 94

Lupercal, the, 36, 319

Luther, Martin (1483–1546), 153

Lysippus, sculptor ( fl . 328 B.C.), 30

Macel' de' Corvi, 167

Macrinus, Emperor (164–218), 61

Maderno, Carlo (1556–1629): Borromini and, 190; churches, 349, 356, 359, 368; fountains, 181, 355, 356; palazzi, 181, 342, 355, 357, 361; Villa Ludovisi, 367

Maderno, Stefano ( c . 1576–1636), 339

Maidalchini, Donna Olimpia (Pamphilj), 189, 339, 358

Maeltzer, Kurt, 300, 303

Mamertine prison, 39, 321

Manfredi, Manfredo, 369

Manlius, Marcus, 14

Manners, Lord John (1818–1906), 271

Mantegna, Andrea (1431?-1506), 29

Mantua, Congress of (1459–60), 123, 124

Mantua, Francesco Gonzaga, Marquis of, 135

Manzù, Giacomo (b. 1908), 344

Marcellus I, Pope and Saint (r. 308–9), 342

Marchionni, Carlo (1702–86), 229, 363, 366

Marcillat, Guillaume de (d. 1529), 161

Marcus Aurelius, Emperor (A.D. 121–80), 60, 67

Margherita, Queen of Italy (1851–1926), 278

Marius, Gaius ( c . 157–86 B.C.), 18–19, 24

Mark Antony, see Antonius, Marcus

Market of Trajan, 52, 323

Marmont, Auguste de, duc de Raguse (1774–1852), 219

Marsigli, Luigi Ferdinando, Count (1658–1730), 195

Martial, Marcus Valerius ( c .38/41–103), 45, 57

Martin V, Pope (r. 1414–31), 112, 113, 158

Maruscelli, Paolo (1596–1649), 368

Masaccio, Il (prop. Tommaso Guidi, 1401–28), 113

Masini, Girolamo (1840–85), 342

Maso, Angelo de (d. 1453), 123

Maso, Tiburzio and Valeriano de, 123

Matrema-non-Vuole, Clarice, 156

Matteotti, Giacomo (1885–1924), 287

Maxentius, Emperor (d. A.D. 312), 68, 69

May, Phil (1864–1903), 276

Mazarin, Jules (1602–61), 185

Mazzini, Giuseppe (1805–72): arrives in Rome, 252; inspires defence, 264; leader of Republic, 254; quarrels with Garibaldi, 262, 267; resigns and leaves Rome, 218–19

Mazzoni, Giulio (c. 1525–1618), 353

Medici, Giuliano de’ (1453–78), 126, 127

Medici, Ippolito de', 162

Medici, Lorenzo de', ‘the Magnificent’ (1449–92), 126, 127, 130, 147, 151

Medici, Maddelena de', 130

Melozzo da Forlì (1438–94), 128

Melville, Herman (1819–91), 276

Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix (1809–47), 222

Mengs, Anton Raphael (1728–79), 222

Mérode, Francois-Xavier, 280

Messalina, Valeria ( c . A. D. 22–48), 39

Metternich, Klemens, Prince von (1773–1859), 244, 246

Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475–1564), 60, 176; architecture, 169, 326, 328, 352 bis ; Clement VII and, 167; death, 176; ill, 169, 170, 171; Last Judgement , 168, 352; Leo X and, 151; Moses, 334, 349; other works, 342, 343, 352; Paul III and, 167; personality, 143, 144; physical ability, 169; Pietà, 169, 353; Sistine Chapel, 144, 146, 147, 346; and Sangallo's work, 169-70; tomb of Julius II, 143–4, 146, 167; unfinished work, 169; unwelcome commissions, 144

Miollis, comte de (1759–828), 237, 238

Mithridates VI (120–63), 19

Momo, Giuseppe, 364

Monaldeschi, Gian Rinaldo, Marchese, 194

monasteries, 75, 76, 86

Moncada, Ugo de ( c . 1466–1528), 154

Monte Mario, 86, 152, 157

Monte Testaccio, 367

Montelupo, Raffaelo da, 165

Montesecco, Gian Battista, 126–7