Christopher Hibbert - Rome. The Biography of the City

Ciano, Galeazzo, Count (1903–44), 289, 293, 295–6

Cibò, Lorenzo, Archbishop of Benevento, 134

Cicero, Marcus Tullius, (106–43 B. C.): on Augurs, 12; attitude to Caesar, 26, 30; Books of Fate, 13; and Cleopatra, 30; Consul, 23; death of, 34; on gladiatorial combat, 49; on government, 18

Cigoli, Il, see Cardi, Ludovico

Cimabue, (b. before 1251, d. 1302), 95

Cimber, Tullius, 31

Cinecittà, 308, 370

Cinna, Lucius Cornelius (d. 84 B.C.), 19, 24

Circus Flaminius, 49, 322

Circus Gaius, 49, 322

Circus Maximus, 322; chariot races, 73; obelisk, 175; popularity of, 50; Tarquinius Priscus plans, 6; Tarquin the Proud, 7; size and capacity, 49

Circus of Nero, 355

citizenship, Roman, 13, 19

Clark, Mark (1896–1984), 305

Claude Lorrain (prop. Claude Gellée; 1600–1682), 222

Claudius, Emperor (10 B.C.– A.D. 54), 39

Claudius II Gothicus, Emperor (214–70), 62

Clement I, Pope and Saint ( fl. c. 96), 178, 340

Clement III, anti-Pope (r. 1080–1100), 88, 91

Clement III, Pope (r. 1187–91), 90

Clement V, Pope (r. 1305–14), 96

Clement VI, Pope (r. 1342–52), 99, 102–6 passim

Clement VII, anti-Pope (r. 1378–94), 111

Clement VII, Pope (1523–34): appearance, 152, 161; capitulates after Sack of Rome, 160; and Charles V, 153, 154; and Colonna, 154; death, 161–2; and Michelangelo, 151, 167; in Orvieto, 160–61; patron of arts and scholarship, 152; personality, 152, 153, 156; raises money, 156–7; tomb defaced, 162

Clement VIII, Pope (r. 1592–1605), 178

Clement IX, Pope (r. 1667–9), 195, 196, 205

Clement X, Pope (r. 1670–76), 196

Clement XI, Pope (r. 1700–21), 229

Clement XII, Pope (r. 1730–40), 227, 228, 229

Clement XIII, Pope (r. 1758–69), 217–18, 228

Clement XIV, Pope (r. 1769–74), 204, 226, 228–9

Cleopatra VII, Queen of Egypt (69–30 B.C.), 29, 30, 34, 59

Cloaca Maxima, 7, 316

Clough, Arthur Hugh (1819–61), 256, 264, 265, 268–9

Collatinus, see Tarquinius Collatinus

Collegio Capranicense, 57, 351

Collegio Romano, 173, 193, 353

Colonna, Giovanni (d. 1347), 104

Colonna, Giovanni, Cardinal, 97, 99

Colonna, Marcantonio (1535–84), 342

Colonna, Pompeo, 154, 159

Colonna, Prospero, 120

Colonna, Stefanello, 106

Colonna, Stefano (d. 1347), 103, 104

Colonna family: abets French; 96; anti-papal revolt, 123; Calixtus III, 118; Clement VII and, 154; Cola di Rienzo and, 103; Martin V, 112; obliged to do homage, 101–2; and Orsini, 97; Petrarch and, 99; revolt of 1351, 106; Riario, 127, 130; Sacro Possesso , 147

Colonna Gallery, 353

Colosseum, 321; Boswell at, 217, 221; Christian persecution, 67; earthquake, 105; gladiatorial combats and other spectacles, 45–7, 49; in late fifth century, 73; masonry from, 115, 116, 122; popularity, 50; repaired, 73–4; Sixtus V's plan for, 175; structure, 45; Telemachus stoned to death, 70; wild beast shows, 47, 62, 73; work begins under Vespasian, 44

Column of Marcus Aurelius, 60, 94, 175, 211, 325

Comitium, 317

Commodus, Emperor (A. D. 161–93), 60

Consalvi, Ercole (1757–1824), 237, 244

Constance, Council of (1414–18), 112

Constans II, Pogonatus, Byzantine Emperor (630–68), 78

Constantia, 78

Constantine the Great, Emperor, ( c .285–337), 67–9, 71, 158

Constantinople: anti-Pope Boniface, 85; Constantine founds, 69; Emperors’ palace, 81; Gregory as papal nuncio, 75; Romans leave for, 74; Rome and, 78, 108; Turks take, 124

Copernicus (Nicholaus Koppernigk, 1473–1543), 152

Cordonata, 169, 305, 342, 352

Corelli, Arcangelo (1653–1713), 196

Corradini, Gertrude, 221

Corso, the, 212; Carnival, 125, 173, 206, 207; de Brosses on, 200–201; French Republican envoys, 231; Pius VII, 242; Stendhal, 243

Coscia, Niccolò, (1682–1755), 227

Counter-Reformation, Pius V and, 172–3

Crassus, ‘Dives’ Marcus Licinius ( c . 115–53 B.C.), 22, 26

Crusades, 110, 118–19, 122, 124, 165

Curia, the, 29, 317

Curia Pompeia, 31–2

Curio, Gaius Scribonius (d. 53 B.C.), 26

Damasus I, Pope and Saint (r. 366–84), 71

Dance, Sir Nathaniel, see Holland

Dandolo, Emilio, 258, 264

Dante Alighieri (1265–1321), 105

Danti, Antonio, 365

David, Jacques-Louis (1748–1825), 270

David, Marco, 353

Deakin, Richard (1802–73), 322

Decius, palace of, 195

De Gasperi, Alcide, 306

Della Greca, Felice ( c . 1626–77)

Demetrianus ( fl . 2nd century A. D.), 332

De Rossi, Giovanni Battista, 271, 327

Derry, S.I., 301

Dickens, Charles (1812–70), 321

Didius Julianus, Emperor (r. and d. A.D. 193), 60

Dio Cassius Cocceianus ( c . 150- c .235), 60

disabitato , 93

Diocletian, Emperor (254–316), 62–3, 67, 69

disease: Black Death, 105; leprosy, 204; malaria, 115; plague, 75, 84, 116, 117, 160, 161; syphilis, 135, 189; venereal, 58, 135, 219

Dolci, Giovannino de', 128, 345

Dolci, Mario de', 345

Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri, 1581– 1641), 352, 361, 367

Dominicis, Carlo de ( active 1716–70), 344

Domitian, Emperor (51–96), 51–2, 64, 67

Domitian's Palace, 52

Domus Augustana , 52, 322, 341

Domus Aurea , 38, 41, 52, 321

Domus Flavia , 52

Domus Tiberiana , 38, 321

Domus Transitoria , 41

Duca, Iacopo del ( fl. 1574–82), 328

Dughet, Gaspard (1615–75), 338

Dupaty, Jean Baptiste, 219

Duphot, Léon ( c . 1770–97), 232

earthquakes: of A. D. 508, 74; of 1044, 86; of 1348, 105

Elagabalus, Emperor, (204–22), 61

Elizabeth I, Queen of England (1533–1603), 172

Emperor, Holy Roman, 90, 91, 94

Emperors, Byzantine, papacy and, 83

Erasmus, Desiderius ( c . 1466–1536), 151

Esquiline, the: Golden House park, 41; height, 315; mansions of the rich, 93; obelisk, 213; S. Maria Maggiore, 73

Estouteville, Guillaume d' (d. 1483), 119, 120

Eugenius III, Pope (r. 1145–53), 90

Eugenius IV, Pope (r. 1431–47), 112, 113, 115, 123, 128

E.U.R., 290, 370

Eusebius Hieronymus, later Jerome, St ( q.v. ), 64

Evelyn, John (1620–1706), 179, 183, 222, 363

Fabbri, Eduardo, Count, 249

Fabullus, artist, (fl . 1st century A.D.), 41

Fanzago, Cosimo (1591–1678), 359

Farnese, Giulia, 165

Fatebene fratelli, Order of, 202, 361

Ferdinand of Austria, later (1558) Ferdinand I, Emperor (1503–64), 154

Ferdinand II, King (1810–59), 235, 250, 252

Ferrara, Duke of, (1486–1534), 144

Ferrari, Ettore, 364

Fesch, Joseph, Cardinal (1763–1839), 242

festivals: consualia, 4; Feast of St Peter, 205; Lupercalia, 31; Madonna of the Hams, 207–8; Rappresentazione dei Morti, 207; weekly, 204–5

Fetti, Fra Mariano, 150

Filarete, Antonio ( c . 1400- c . 1469), 115, 344

Fiorentino, Giovanni Battista Rossa, 161

Flamens, 12–13

Flaminian Way, see Via Flamina

Fonseca, Gabriele, 191

Fontana, Carlo (1638 – 1714): church architecture, 340, 342, 353, 356, 359; monument to Queen Christina, 199; Ospizio di San Michele, 362; Palazzo di Montecitorio, 361