Christopher Hibbert - Rome. The Biography of the City

Fontana, Domenico (1543–1607), 187; buildings by, 329, 330; Cappella Sistina, 355; palazzi, 355, 363; re-erection of obelisks, 176–8, 356; Sistine Loggia, 355; Spanish Steps, 359; Vatican Library, 344

Fontana, Francesco, (1668–1708), 353

Fontana, Giovanni (1540–1614), 355

fontane ( see also fountains); Fontana dello Scoglio, 181; degli Specchi, 181; delle Tartarughe, 342; delle Torri, 181; di Trevi, see Trevi Fountain

Fontanella del Facchino, 348

Fontanone dell' Acqua Paola, 181, 355

Formosus, Pope (r. 891–6), 84

Forum Boarium, 331

Forum of Nerva, 92, 321

Forum Olitorium, 331

Forum, the, 317; Arch of Septimius Severus, 62; Basilica Nova, 69; Bastille anniversary, 235; Boswell at, 217; Caesar rejects laurel wreath, 31; Charles V, 165; events taking place in, 29; Gibbon on, 220; land drainage, 6, 8; market, 221; masonry from, 122; omen at, 7; position of, 6; reconstructed under Caesar, 29; Senate House, 76; temple of Vesta, 11; Trees of Liberty, 234; Twelve Tables, 9

Forum of Augustus, 36

Forum of Trajan, 52, 242, 323

Forum of Vespasian, 44, 321

fountains: ( see also fontane , fontanella , fontanone and Trevi Fountain): 355–6; de Brosses admires, 201; Paul V, 181, 355– 6; piazza della Navicella, 338; Viale Trinità dei Monti, 362; Villa Giulia, 172

Fountain of: the Barcaccia, 191, 358; the Four Rivers, 191, 197, 359; Juturna, 319; the Moor, 359; the Triton, 191, 358

Fragonard, Jean-Honoré (1732–1806), 222

France: anti-clericalism, 230; Charles Vaud, 153; Clement VII and, 153; Jesuits expelled, 228; and Kingdom of Naples, 133–5; and papal election of 1378, 111; Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 122

Francesca Romana, St (1384–1440), 338

Francis I, King of France (1494–1547), 153

Franco, Battista ( c . 1498–1561), 165

Franz, Roesler, 364

Frederick II, Emperor (1194–1250), 94

French Academy, 207, 230, 231, 362

French Revolution: attitude of Romans to, 230–31, 234–35; envoys in Rome, 230–31; Republican army occupies Rome, 232; Roman collaboration with, 234

Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939), 285

Frundsberg, Georg von (1473–1528), 154

Fuga, Ferdinando (1699–1780), 339, 347, 355, 362

Fuller, Margaret (1810–50), 250, 262, 268

furniture: church, 81; in Imperial Rome, 54, 55

Gaiseric, the Vandal (d. A.D. 477), 72

Galba, Emperor (3 B.C.–A.D. 69), 44

Galerius Trachalus (consul A.D. 68), 30

Galilei, Alessandro (1691–1737), 330, 349

Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), 225, 362

Gallería Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, 353

Galleria Spada, 353

Gallienus, Emperor (d. A.D. 268), 62

Garibaldi, Giuseppe (1807–82): arrives in Rome, 255–6; defence of the Republic, 258–61, 263–4; leads troops out of Rome, 267–8; quarrels with Mazzini, 262, 267

Gates, see porte

Gaulli, Giovanni Battista (1639–1709), 354

Gelasius II, Pope (r. 1118–19), 89

Gerroni, Giovanni, 106

Ghirlandaio, Domenico (1449–94), 128

Gibbon, Edward (1737–94), 61, 219–20; on Elagabalus, 61; in Rome, 219–20

Giberti, Gian-Matteo (1495–1543), 154

Gigli, Beniamino (1890–1957), 303

Gimignani, Lodovico (1643–97), 368

Giotto di Bondona (d. 1337), 95

Giovanni e Paolo, SS. ( martyred 361), 71

Giovo, Paolo (1483–1552), 150

Gissing, George (1857–1903), 276, 280

Giulio Romano (Giulio Pippi, c . 1499–1546), 152, 349, 350, 351

gladiatorial combats, 45–7, 49, 60, 70

gladiators, in revolt, 20

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von ( 1749–1832), 214, 219, 222, 226, 350

Gogol, Nikolay Vasilyevich ( 1809–52), 222

Golden House, see Domus Aurea

Gonzaga, Ferrante (1507–57), 159

Gracchus, Gaius Sempronius (153–121 B.C.), 18, 19

Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius ( c . 163–133 B.C.), 18

Grammont, Duc de (1819–80), 273

Gramsci, Antonio (1891 – 1937), 367

Grand Tour: Baltimore, 217; Boswell, 217–19; Englishmen, 215–17; Frenchmen, 221; Gibbon, 219–20

Grant, Peter (d. 1784), 219

Great Schism (1378–1417), 111, 112

Grande, Angiolo Mazzoni del, 368

Grande, Antonio del, 357

Grandi, Dino, Count (b. 1895), 295–6

Greca, Felice della, 361, 369

Greece: cultural influence on Rome, 16, 36, 39; art treasures from, 40; influence on Roman architecture, 59

Gregorian University, 347

Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1821–91), 83, 85, 86

Gregory, Master ( fl . 12th century A. D.), 308

Gregory I the Great, Pope and Saint (r. 590–604), 75–6, 78, 92

Gregory II, Pope and Saint (r. 715–31), 78–9

Gregory III, Pope and Saint (r. 731–41), 78

Gregory V, Pope (r. 996–9), 85

Gregory VI, Pope (r. 1045–6), 86

Gregory VII, Pope and Saint (r. 1073–85), 86–9

Gregory IX, Pope (r. 1227–41), 94, 323

Gregory XI, Pope (r. 1370–78), 108, 110

Gregory XII, Pope (r. 1406–15), 112

Gregory XIII, Pope (r. 1572–85), 173, 175

Gregory XVI, Pope (r. 1831–46), 244

Guercino, (1591–1666), 190, 367

Guerra, Gaspare ( c . 1560–1622), 361

Guicciardini, Francesco (1483–1540), 133, 146, 151; on Clement VII, 152, 157

Guidetti, Guido, 367

Guido Reni (1575–1642), 197, 355, 356, 359

Guy de Montpellier, 341

Hadrian I, Pope (r. 772–95), 79, 81

Hadrian's mausoleum ( see also Castel Sant’ Angelo), 324–5

Hadrian's Villa, see Tivoli

Hamilton, Gavin (1730–97), 219

Hannibal (247–183 or 182 B.C.), 15, 327

Hare, Augustus John (1834–1903), 274, 280

Hasdrubal (Barca, d. 207 B.C.), 15

Hazlitt, William (1778–1830), 212–3

Heemskerk, Maerten van (1498–1574), 165

Helena, St ( c .248- c .328), 67, 68, 342

Henry IV, Emperor (1050–1106), 87–8, 89

Henry V, Emperor (1086–1125), 90

Hertzian Library, 363

Hildebrand, see Gregory VII

Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945), 291, 293, 302, 303

Holland, Sir Nathanial Dance (1735–1811), 219

Honorius I, Pope (r. 625–38), 76, 78

Honorius III, Pope (r. 1216–27), 92, 94

Honorius IV, Pope (r. 1285–7), 95

Horace (65–8 B.C.), 34, 49

Hortensius, Quintus (dictator, 287 B.C.), 13

hospitals: S. Gallicano in Trastevere, 204, 362; S. Giovanni di Dio, 202, 361; S. Maria della Consolazione, 204, 362; S. Maria della Pietà, 204; San Michele in Trastevere, 204, 280; S. Rocco, 204, 362; S. Spirito in Sassia, 92, 115, 158, 202, 229, 341

Houdon, Jean-Antoine (1741–1838), 222

House of Livia, 320–21

iconoclasm: Byzantine and Roman controversy, 78

indulgences, 137; finance raised by sale of, 111; Julius II, 141; Paul III, 167 restricted, 173; Universal Jubilee of 1450, 116

Ine, King of Wessex (r. 688–726), 341

Innocent I, Pope and Saint (r. 401–17), 72

Innocent II, Pope (r. 1130–43), 90

Innocent III, Pope (r. 1198–1216), 72, 95, 96

Innocent V, Pope (r. 1276), 95

Innocent VI, Pope (r. 1352–62), 106

Innocent VII, Pope (r. 1404–6), 111

Innocent VIII, Pope (r. 1484–92), 130, 158

Innocent X, Pope (r. 1644–55), 189, 190, 191, 197, 357

Innocent XI, Pope (r. 1676–89), 197

Inquisition, 172, 173, 224, 225, 256; Galileo, 225

Insula of Felicula, 323

James Francis Edward Stewart, the ‘Old Pretender’ (1688–1766), 219