Christopher Hibbert - Rome. The Biography of the City

Capitoline Museum, see Palazzo Nuovo

Cappella di S. Andrea, 355

Caracalla, Emperor ( 188–217), 61

Caravaggio, Giulio Merisi da, 353

Caravaggio (prop. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, 1573–1610), 232

Caravaggio, Polidoro da ( c . 1495– 1543), 161

Cardi, Lodovico (‘Il Cigoli’, 1559–1613), 368

Cardinal Camerlengo, the, 227

Carne, Sir Edward (d. 1561), 356

Carnival: during French occupation, 238; eighteenth century, 205–7; executions, 215; in imperial Rome, 125; Innocent XI, 197; Paul III revives, 165; Pius V, 173; Queen Christina and, 193

Carracci, Agostino (1557–1602), 352

Carracci, Annibale (1560–1609), 179, 352

Carrara, 143

Carthaginian War, First (264–241 B.C.), 15

Carthaginian War, Second (218–201 B.C.), 15

Casa di Crescenzio, 94, 342

Casanova, Giovanni Giacomo, Chevalier de Seingalt (1725–98), 202, 222

Casanova, Marcantonio (1476- c . 1527), 161

Casca, Publius Longus (d. 42 B. C.), 31–2

Casino Massimo, 270

Casino Pallavicini, 356

Casino Pio, 353

Casino of the Villa Giustiniani-Massimo, 367

Casoni, Felice Antonio (1559–1634), 363

Cassius Longinus, Gaius (d. 42 B.C.), assassination of Caesar, 31, 34; suicide, 34

Castagno, Andrea del ( c . 1421–57), 349

Castel Sant' Archangel Michael appears, 75; Alexander VI, 134, 135, 137; Benedict VI murdered, 85; Boniface IX, 111; Borgo, 79; building works under Eugenius IV, 115; Cellini, 160; Church treasurers in, 110; Clement VII seeks refuge in, 154, 158, 160; French Revolutionary troops in, 232, 235, 242; gallows, 137; Gregory VII occupies, 88; Hadrian's mausoleum, 60, 320; Inquisition's prison in, 225; makeshift ammunition, 74; Otto III takes, 85; Queen Christina, 193; rebels flee to, 83

Castellesi da Corneto, Adriano ( c . 1460 c . 1521), 136, 181

Castello, Domenico ( fl . 1619–58), 320, 354

castrati , 211 – 12

Castro Pretorio: barracks, 369

catacombs, 326; bodies of saints deposited in, 64, 68; Christian cemeteries, 64; Eusebius Hieronymus describes, 64; plundered, 81; of St Sebastian, 116

Catacombs of St Calixtus, 64, 222, 271

Catherine of Siena, St (Caterina Benincasa, 1347–80), 108, 110, 111, 343

Catilina, Lucius Sergius (d. 62 B. C.), 22, 23

Cato, Marcus Porcius, ‘Censorius’ (234–149 B.C.), 12, 15, 17

Cato ‘Uticensis’, Marcus Porcius (95–46 B.C.), 23

Cattanei, Vanozza, 133, 135

Cavallini, Pietro ( c . 1250- c . 1330), 96, 339, 340

Cavour, Count Camillo Benso (1810–61), 271

Cecilia, St, 81

Celer, architect (fl . 1st cent. A.D.), 41

Celestine II, Pope (r. 1143–4), 90

Cellini, Benvenuto (1500–1571), 152, 156, 160

Cencius de Praefecto, 87

Ceri, Renzo da, 156, 157

Chamberlain, Neville (1869–1940), 293

charioteers, chariot races, 49, 50

Charlemagne, Emperor ( c .742–814), 79–80, 81, 83

Charles I of Anjou, King of Naples and Sicily (1246–85), 95, 96, 128

Charles IV, Emperor (1316–78), 106, 108

Charles V, Emperor (1500–1558), 153–4, 165, 168

Charles VIII, King of France (1470–98), 133–5

Chiesa Nuova: see under churches, S. Maria in Vallicella

Chigi, Agostino, ‘Il Magnifico’ ( c . 1465–1520), 141, 147, 150, 156

Childeric III, King (d. 755), 79

Christianity: buildings in Imperial, Rome, 68–9, 70–71, 73, 76; catacombs, 64, 68; Constantine, 68; Diocletian and, 63; early community in Rome, 67; increasing conversion to, 73; persecution, 64, 66–7; Visigoths, 71

Christina, Queen of Sweden (1626–89), 362; actresses, 211; Alexander VII on, 195; amours, 194; appearance, 191, 193, 198; Bernini and, 196; death and burial, 198–9; dress, 191, 194, 198; eccentric, 191; hospitality, 197; intelligence, 193; interests, 195; In Rome, 193; place of burial, 198–9

Christopher, anti-Pope (r. 903–4), 84

Church, the: and Baroque, 181; corruption, 111; Holy Years, 95, 99, 105, 111, 137, 202; pilgrims, 116; profit from property, 91, 122; reform, 86–7, 172–3; treasures, 110; Universal Jubilee of 1450, 116; wealth, 95

Church, French: Civil Constition of the Clergy, 230; Napoleonic regime and, 241

churches: All Saints Anglican Church, 368; Church of the Gesù, 173, 189, 354; S.Andriano, 76, 336; S.Agnese fuori le Mura, 78, 337; S.Agnese in Agone, 190-91, 358, 359; S.Agostino, 113, 155, 343; S.Anastasia, 319; S.Andrea al Quirinale, 191, 197, 359; S.Andrea della Valle, 359; S.Angelo in Pescheria, 93, 101, 341; S.Antonio, 202, 361; SS.Apostoli, 105, 353; S.Bartolomeo in Isola, 92, 362; S.Bibiana, 186, 357; SS.Bonifacio e Alessio, 92, 340; S.Caterina dei Funari, 367; S.Cecilia in Trastevere, 81, 96, 338; SS.Celso e Giuliano, 118, 344; S.Clemente, 88, 92, 340; S.Cosimato, 160, 351; SS.Cosma e Damiano, 76, 321, 335; S.Crisogno, 92, 340; S.Croce in Gerusalemme, 68, 329; S.Francesca Romana, 81, 110, 324; S.Francesco a Ripa, 196, 360; S.Giacomo degli Spagnuoli, 159, 351; S.Giorgio in Velabro, Velabro, 75, 96, 101, 335; S.Girolamo della Carità 354; S.Giovanni Calabita, 362; S.Giovanni dei Fiorentini, 151, 155, 349; S.Giovanni dei Genovesi, 339; S.Giovanni a Porta Latina, 92, 340; SS.Giovanni e Paolo, 71, 334; S.Gregorio Magno, 183, 356; S.Giuliano dei Fiamminghi, 222, 363; S.Ignazio, 354; S.Ivo, 346; St John Lateran ( see under separate entry ); S.Lorenzo in Damaso, 71, 333; S.Lorenzo in Lucina, 88, 191, 359; S.Lorenzo fuori le Mura, 68, 76, 92, 290, 329; S.Lorenzo in Panisperna, 107, 343; SS.Luca e Martina, 355; S.Lucia, 173, 353; S.Luigi dei Francesi, 202, 361; S.Marcello, 107, 211, 342; S.Marco, 125, 344; S.Maria degli Angeli, 326; S.Maria dell’ Anima, 159, 202, 351; S.Maria Antiqua, 76, 335; S.Maria d'Aracoeli, 105, 157, 220, 305, 342; S.Maria in Cappella, 339; S.Maria della Concezione, 221–2, 363; S.Maria in Cosmedin, 76, 92, 336; S.Maria in Domnica, 81, 113, 151, 338; S.Maria sopra Minerva, 111, 217, 343; S.Maria dei Miracoli, 350; S.Maria in Monserrato, 202, 361; S.Maria di Monte Santo, 350; S.Maria Maggiore ( see under separate entry ); S.Maria Nova, 81, 338; S.Maria della Pace, 128, 346; S.Maria della Pietà, 362; S.Maria del Popolo, 128, 137, 143, 155, 346; S.Maria Rotonda, 76, 198, 336; S.Maria Scala Coeli, 336; S.Maria de Schola Graeca, 76; S.Maria in Trastevere, 92, 96, 215, 340; S.Maria in Vallicella, 173, 190, 212, 354; S.Maria in Via Lata, 75, 335; S.Maria della Vittoria, 181, 183, 356; S.Martino ai Monti, 81, 338; SS.Nereo e Achilleo, 128, 345; S.Nicola in Carcere, 315; S.Onofrio, 362; S.Pancrazio, 113, 336; S.Paolo fuori le Mura, 71, 73, 83, 95, 96, 105, 116, 333; S.Paolo alle Tre Fontane, 336; St Paul's American Church, 368; St Peter's ( see under separate entry ); S.Pietro in Carcere, 217, 321; S.Pietro in Montorio, 141, 155, 348; S.Pietro in Vincoli, 71, 143, 146, 334; S.Prassede, 81, 337; S.Pudenziana, 71, 333; SS. Quattro Coronati, 81, 88, 92, 338; S.Sabina on the Aventine, 73, 334; S.Sebastiano, 69, 116, 183, 330; SS.Sergio e Bacco, 93, 341; S.Silvestro in Capite, 88, 94, 341; S.Spirito in Sassia, 341; S.Stanislao, 202, 321; S.Stefano Rotondo, 73, 113, 115, 207, 335; S.Susanna, 187, 357; S.Teodoro, 115, 344; SS.Trinita dei Monti, 173, 183, 230, 359; SS.Vincenzo e Anastasio, 78, 336; S.Zeno chapel, 81, 337