Christopher Hibbert - Rome. The Biography of the City

Bande Nere, Giovanni delle (1498–1526), 154

Baraballo the priest, 150

Barberini, Maffeo, see Urban VII, Pope

Barbo, Pietro, see Paul II, Pope

Barigioni, Filippo (1690–1753), 345

Barluzzi, Giulio, 347

Barocci, Federico (1526–1612), 354

Baroncelli, Francesco, 106

Barrington's Tea-Rooms, 359

Basilica Aemilia, 36, 318

Basilica Julia, 29–30, 36, 316

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, 330

Basilica Nova, 69

Basilica Ulpia, 52, 323

basilicas, Christian, see churches

baths, 57–8, see also Thermae Neroniae

Baths of Caracalla, 62, 165, 221, 326

Baths of Diocletian, 62, 217, 326

Baths of Trajan, 41, 52, 143, 323

Beaufort, Henry, Bishop of Winchester ( c . 1374–1447), 93

Belgioso, Princess, 258

Belisarius ( c .505–65), 74

Belli, Giuseppe Gioacchino (1791–1863), 245

Belloc, Hilaire (1870–1953), 285

Beltrami, Luca (1854–1933), 364

Belvedere: Boswell at, 217; Cortile del, 142, 172, 181, 193; Palazzetto del, 142; reconstruction, 167; white elephant at, 150

Belvedere Terrace, 62, 325

Benedict V, anti-Pope (r. 964, d. 966), 84

Benedict VI, Pope (r. 973–4), 86

Benedict VII, Pope (r. 974–83), 85

Benedict IX, Pope (r. 1032–45 and 1047–8), 86

Benedict XI, Pope (r. 1303–4), 96

Benedict XII, Pope (r. 1334–42), 99

Benedict XIII, Pope (r. 1724–30), 227

Benedict XIV, Pope (r. 1740–58), 228

Benincasa, Caterina, see Catherine of Siena, St

Berengar II ( c .900–966), 83

Berlioz, Hector (1803–69), 222

Bernardine of Siena, St (1380–1444), 116

Bernini, Gian Lorenzo (1598–1680): Apollo and Daphne , 183; architecture, 187, 191, 355, 357, 360, 369; attitude to his secular works, 197; Borromini and, 190; Clement IX and, 196, 332; David , 183, 185; fountains, 181, 191, 358, 359; Fréart on, 196–7; Innocent X and, 190; last months, 197; marries, 189; Napoleon plunders, 232; personality, 186, 189; and Queen Christina, 193, 196; Scala Regia, 360; sculpture, 183, 337, 356, 357, 359, 361; Urban VIII and, 185

Bernini, Pietro (1562–1629), 358

Bernis, François-Joachim de (1715–94), 210

B erthier, Louis-Alexandre, Prince de Wagram (1753–1815), 232, 234

Bertolio, Anton René (d. 1812), 235

Bisceglie, Duke of (d. 1500), 137

Bizet, Georges (1838–75), 222

Boccadifferro, Lodovico, 161

Bombace, Paolo (d. 1527), 161

Bombasi, Paolo (d. 1527), 161

Bonaparte, Caroline (1782–1839), 242

Bonaparte, Elisa (1777–1820), 242

Bonaparte, Joseph (1768–1844), 232, 242, 347

Bonaparte, Letizia (1750–1836), 242, 366

Bonaparte, Lucien (1775–1840), 242

Bonaparte, Napoleon, see Napoleon I, Emperor

Bonaparte, Pauline, 328, 356, 366

Bonaventure, St ( c . 1217–74), 128

Boniface VII, anti-Pope (974 and 984–5), 85

Boniface VIII, Pope (r. 1294–1303), 95, 96, 105, 128

Boniface IX, Pope ( r . 1389–1404), 111

Bonomi, Ivanoe (1873–1951), 301

Borghese, Marcantonio, Prince of Vivaro (1601–58), 179, 181

Borghese, Scipione (1576–1633), 179, 181, 183, 185

Borghesi, Giovanni Ventura ( c . 1640–1708), 346

Borgia, Cesare ( c . 1475–1507), 133, 135, 136, 137

Borgia, Giovanni, Duke of Gandia (1476–97), 136, 137

Borgia, Lucrezia (1480–1519), 133, 136, 137

Borgia, Rodrigo (1431–1503), later Alexander VI, Pope ( q.v. ), 119

Borgo, the: attack on Otto's forces, 83; buildings in, 155–6; Colonna's army, 154; dangerous to walk in, 113; palazzi, 136, 181; papal election of 1378, 110; protest march, 189; Sack of Rome, 157, 158; S. Spirito in Sassia, 92; Saxon schola, 79

Borromeo, St Carlo (1538–84), 338

Borromini, Francesco (1599–1667): assists Rainaldis, 190–91; churches, 349, 350, 354, 356, 358; palazzi, 353, 366; personality, 190; Propaganda Fide, 360

Boswell, James (1740–95), 217–19

Bottai, Giuseppe, 370

Botticelli, Sandro (1445–1510), 128

Bourbon, Charles Duke of (1490–1527), 154, 157, 161

Bramante, Donato (1444–1514): Michelangelo and, 169; nature, 143; S. Lorenzo in Damaso, 333; St Peter's Basilica, 141; Sistine Chapel scaffolding, 144; Vatican Gardens, 348; years of study, 138

Brancaleone di Andalò (d. 1258), 94

Brantôme, Pierre, Sieur de ( c . 1540–1614), 159

Bregno, Andrea (1421–1506), 137, 345, 347

bridges ( see also Ponte and Pons), 331

Bridget, St (Bridget Godmarsson, c . 1303–73), 107–8

British Embassy, 367

Brosses, Charles de (1709–77): on de Bernis's banquet, 210; death of Clement XII, 227; on English Grand Tourists, 215; puddings, 222; on Roman palaces, 204; on Rome, 200–202

Browning, Elizabeth Barrett (1806–61), 363

Brunelleschi, Filippo (1377–1446), 151

Bruno, Giordano (1548–1600), 224–5

Brutus, Lucius Iunius, 7, 8

Brutus, Marcus Iunius ( c .85–42 B.C.), 31, 32, 34

building, under Emperors : Augustus, 36; Aurelian, 62; Caesar, 29; Constantine, 68–9; Hadrian, 58–60; Nero, 41; Septimius Severus, 62; Trajan, 52–3; Vespasian, 44 under Popes : Alexander VI, 137–8; Clement VII, 152; Eugenius IV, 115: Gregory XIII, 173; Honorius I, 78; Innocent III, 92; Julius II, 141–3; Leo X, 151; Martin V, 113; Nicholas V, 115, 117, 141; Paul III, 167, 169; Paul V 181; Pius II, 122; Pius VI, 229–30; Sixtus IV, 128; see also Monuments

Byron, George Gordon, 6th Baron (1788–1824), 215, 222, 308, 363

Byzantium, 69, 78, 83

Cadorna, Count Raffaele (1815–97), 328

Caelian Hill, 221; buildings, 154–5; Golden House park, 41; height, 315; mansions of the rich, 93; S. Stefano Rotondo, 73; Villa Mattei, 94

Caesar Augustus, see Augustus

Caesar, Gaius Julius (100–44 B.C.), 23; abode, 319; advance to power, 26, 29; appearance and personality, 24; assassination, 31–2, 172; building programme, 29, 49; and Cleopatra, 29, 30; deified, 34; Dictator, 29; early history, 24, 26; prohibition on transport, 55; supposed ashes, 178; suspected of unbridled ambition, 30–31; Triumphs, 29

Caesarion (47–30 B.C.), 29, 30, 34

Caffè Greco, 222, 363

Caffè Nazionale, 278

Caffè Nuovo, 268, 269, 366

Cajetan (1468?-1534?), 159

Calderini, Guglielmo, 368

Caligula, Emperor (A.D. 12–41), 38–9, 49

Calixtus I, Pope and Saint (217/218–22), 178

Calixtus II, Pope (r. 1119–24), 90

Calixtus III, Pope (r. 1455--8), 118–19, 133, 141

Calpurnia, wife of Julius Caesar, 26

Calvo, Fabio (d. 1527), 161

Camers, Julianus (d. 1527), 161

Camillus, Marcus Furius (d. 365 B.C.), 320

Campagna, the, 3, 74, 122, 160

Campini, Giovanni Giustino, 195

Campo dei Fiori, 123, 225, 363

Campo Marzio, see Campus Martius

Campo Santo, 111

Campo Vaccino, 155

Camporese, Pietro the Younger (1792–1873), 370

Campus Martius, 315; buildings, 212; Boswell on, 217; Romulus, 5; ruins, 111; thousandth anniversary celebrations, 62; Trajan's Column, 52; walks on, 58

Canevari, Raffaele, 368

Canina, Luigi (1795–1856), 271

Canova, Antonio (1757–1822), 222, 270, 361, 366

Capitol, the, 155; bell, 157, 205; Brancaleone's head displayed, 94; Brutus and conspirators at, 32; building programme under Augustus, 36; Cola di Rienzo, 101, 104, 105, 106; death of Berthold Orsini, 106; Gibbon on, 220; invasion of Rome, 14; lupa , 94; market, 93; Michelangelo's commission, 169; obelisk, 94; redevelopment under Vespasian, 44; Republicans’ stronghold, 90; Temple of Jupiter, 6, 13, 36; Trees of Liberty, 234