Christopher Hibbert - Rome. The Biography of the City

Plumb, J.H. (ed.), The Horizon Book of the Renaissance (1961)

Plutarch, The Fall of the Roman Republic (trans. Rex Warner, 1958) Makers of Rome (trans. Ian Scott-Kilvert, 1965)

Ponelle, Louis and Louis Bardet, St Philip Neri and the Roman Society of his Times (trans. Ralph Kerr, 1932)

Pottle, Frederick A., James Boswell: The Earlier Years (1966)

Prescott, Orville, Princes of the Renaissance ( 1969)

Quennell, Peter, The Colosseum (1971)

Randall, Alec, Discovering Rome (1960)

Richards, Jeffrey, Consul of God: Gregory the Great (1980) The Popes and the Papacy in the Middle Ages (1979)

Ridley, Jasper, Garibaldi (1974)

Rodd, Rennell, Rome (1932)

Rodocanache, E., Le Pontificat de Jules II (1928) Le Pontificat de Leon X (1931)

Romano, Pietro, Roma nelle sue strade e nelle sue piazze (1936)

Rostovtzeff, M., Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire (2 vols., 1957)

Rowdon, Maurice, A Roman Street (1964)

Salvatorelli, Luigi and Giovanni Mira, Storia d'Italia nel periodo fascista (1972)

Schott, Rolf, Michelangelo (1963)

Scullard, H.H., From the Gracchi to Nero (1959) Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic (1981)

Smollett, Tobias, Travels through France and Italy (1766)

Stendhal, Promenades dans Rome (2 vols., 1829)

Story, William Wetmore, Roba di Roma (8th edition, 2 vols., 1887)

Suetonius, Gaius, The Twelve Caesars (trans. Robert Graves, 1957)

Syme, Ronald, The Roman Revolution (1939)

Tacitus, Cornelius, The Annals of Imperial Rome (trans. G.G.Ramsay, 1952)

Tedesco, Viva, Il contributo di Roma e della provincia nella lotta di liberazione ( 1965)

Torselli, G., Palazzi di Roma (1965)

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Trevelyan, G. M., Garibaldi's Defence of the Roman Republic (1907)

Trevelyan, Raleigh, Rome 44 (1981)

Trevor, Meriol, Apostle of Rome (1966)

Turchi, M., La religione di Roma anticha (1939)

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Van der Heyden, A.A.M. and Scullard, H.H., Atlas of the Classical World (1959)

Vasari, Giorgio, Lives of the Artists (trans. George Bull, 1965)

Vaughan, Herbert M., The Medici Popes (1908)

Vaussard, Maurice, Daily Life in Eighteenth-century Italy (trans. Michael Heron, 1962)

Vespasiano da Bisticci, The Vespasian Memoirs (1926)

Vighi, Roberto, Roma del Belli (1963)

Waley, Daniel, The Papal State in the Thirteenth Century (1961)

Wall, Bernard, A City and a World (1962)

Walsh, John Evangelist, The Bones of St Peter (1983)

Week, William Nassau, Urban VIII (1905)

Wickhoff, Franz, Roman Art (trans. Mrs A. Strong, 1900)

Wilkinson, L. P., Letters of Cicero: A Selection in Translation (1949)

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Young, Norwood, Rome and Its Story (revised by P. Barrera, 1953)

Page references appearing in boldtype can be found in Part 3 of the book, under the section ‘Notes on Topography, Buildings and Works of Art.’

Accademia di S. Luca, 173, 354

Acqua Alessandrina, 173

Acqua Felice, 173

Acqua Paola, 181

Acqua Vergine, 113

Actium, battle of (31 B.C.), 34

Adam, Robert (1728–92), 222, 223

Adrian VI, Pope (r. 1522–3), 152

Agnes, St (b. c .304), 78, 337

Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius (64 or 63–12 B.C.), 34, 38, 59

Agrippina (A.D. 15–59), 39

Alaric the Goth ( c .370–410), 71, 328

Alberic I, Prince of Spoleto (d. 928), 83

Alberic II, Duke of Spoleto (d. 954), 83

Alberti, Leon Battista (1404–72), 115, 141, 345

Albertoni, Ludovica (d. 1503), 361

Albornoz, Gil Alvarez Carrillo de ( 1310–67), 106

Alexander II, Pope (r. 1061–73), 86

Alexander V, anti-Pope (r. 409–10), 112

Alexander VI, Pope (r. 1492–1503): ambition for his son, 133; Capello on, 136; and Charles VIII, 134; corpse, 139; death of Duke of Grandia, 137; election of 1458, 119; his election, 130; and the French, 133–4, 135; mistress, 165; personality, 133; popularity, 133; remains, 361; and Savonarola, 136; see also Borgia, Rodrigo

Alexander VII, Pope (r. 1655–67), 191, 193, 195, 229, 360

Algardi, Alessandro (1595–1654), 190

Ameli, Paolo, 357

Ammannati, Bartolommeo (1511–92), 172, 176, 353, 366, 367

Ampère, Jean-Jacques (1800–1864), 269

Anaclete II, anti-Pope (1130–38), 90

Anastasius, 76

Ancus Marcius, King of Rome (r. 642–617 B.C.), 5

Andersen, Hans Christian (1805–75), 222, 363

Angelico, Fra (prop. Guido di Pietro, c . 1400–55), 118

Antonelli, Giacomo (1806–76), 249, 273, 274

Antoninus Pius, Emperor (86–161), 60; hall of, 200

Antonius, Marcus ( c .83–30 B.C.), 26, 31, 32, 34, 59

Apollodorus of Damascus ( fl . 2nd cent. A.D.), 52, 58, 323

Appian Way, see Via Appia

Aquinas, St Thomas ( c . 1227– 74), 128

Ara Pacis Augustae, 35, 318

Arcesilaus ( fl . 1st cent. B.C.), 30

arches: Arch of Constantine, 69, 93, 331; Domitian, 125; Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius, 118, 344; Janus Quadrifons, 69, 331; Septimius Severus, 62, 93, 165, 221, 325; Titus, 51, 93, 165, 322; see also Arco

architecture: Baroque, 178, 181, 199; Classical, and Christian Church, 71, 73; Gothic innovations, 95; High Renaissance, 138

Arco degli Argentari, 62, 325

Arco dei Banchi, 141, 348

archaeology: in Fascist Rome, 291; in nineteenth century, 270–71

Aretino, Pietro (1492–1556), 151

Argiletum, 316

Ariosto, Ludovico (1474–1533), 151

Armellini, Carlo, 252

Arnaldo da Brescia ( c . 1105–55), 90

Arnolfo di Cambio ( c . 1245–1302), 95, 339, 366

Augustus, Caesar Octavius (63 B. C. – A.D.14), 34–6, 39, 342

Augustus, Mausoleum of, 36

arts, the: Clement VII, 152; Julius II, 143; Leo X, 151; Nicholas V, 118; portrait busts, 30; redecoration of churches in late thirteenth century, 95–6; Scipione Borghese's collection, 183; Sixtus IV, 128

Ascaris, Giano, 151

Asprucci, Antonio (1723–1808), 357

Attila the Hun ( fl . 5th cent. A.D.), 72

Augurs: duties and power of, 11–12

Aurelian, Emperor ( c .215–275), 62, 326

Aurelian Walls, 71, 74, 81, 267, 326

Avignon: anti-Pope Clement VII, 111; Clement VI, 105, 106; Cola di Rienzo, 99, 106; Gregory XI, 108; papal residence, 96; Petrarch, 97, 102; St Catherine of Siena, 110; Urban V, 108

Aventine, the: building programme under Augustus, 36; buildings on, 86, 93, 155; height, 315; plebeians march to, 9; Remus, 3

Azzolino, Decio (d. 1689), 193, 194, 195

Azzuri, Franco, 353

Badeglio, Pietro (1871–1956), 299

Balbus, Lucius Cornelius ( fl . 1st cent. B.C.), 322

Ballantyne, R. M. (1825–94), 367

Baltimore, Frederick, Lord ( 1731–71), 217

Balzac, Honoré de (1799–1850), 222