LibCat » Книги » Наука и образование » История » Simon Dixon - Catherine the Great

Simon Dixon - Catherine the Great

Здесь есть возможность читать онлайн «Simon Dixon - Catherine the Great» весь текст электронной книги совершенно бесплатно (целиком полную версию без сокращений). В некоторых случаях можно слушать аудио, скачать через торрент в формате fb2 и присутствует краткое содержание. Город: New York, Год выпуска: 2009, ISBN: 2009, Издательство: HarperCollins, Жанр: История, на английском языке. Описание произведения, (предисловие) а так же отзывы посетителей доступны на портале библиотеки ЛибКат.

Читать книгу

Название:
Catherine the Great
Автор:
Simon Dixon
Издательство:
HarperCollins
Жанр:
История / на английском языке
Год:
2009
Город:
New York
ISBN:
978-0-06-187179-5
Рейтинг книги:
3 / 5. Голосов: 1
Избранное:

Добавить в избранное
Отзывы:
Написать комментарий
Ваша оценка:
- 60
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5

Catherine the Great: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

Предлагаем к чтению аннотацию, описание, краткое содержание или предисловие (зависит от того, что написал сам автор книги «Catherine the Great»). Если вы не нашли необходимую информацию о книге — напишите в комментариях, мы постараемся отыскать её.

In 1745 a little-known German princess named Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst married the nephew of Empress Elizabeth of Russia. Seventeen years later she overthrew her husband to become Catherine the Great, one of the most celebrated monarchs in history, turning eighteenth-century Russia into arguably the largest and most powerful state since the fall of the Roman Empire.
Admired for her achievements and satirized for her personal life, she wrote the most revealing memoirs by any European ruler. She promoted radical political ideas and emphasized moderation in government. Ruthless when necessary, she charmed everyone she met, joking at private dinner parties in the Hermitage, which she had built for her own use. Determined to endear herself to the Russians, she made religious devotions in which she never believed.
Intimate and revealing, Simon Dixon’s new biography examines the lifelong friendships that sustained the empress throughout her personal life, and places her within the context of the royal court: its politics, its flourishing literature, and the very culture that became central to her exercise of absolute power.

Catherine the Great — читать онлайн бесплатно полную книгу (весь текст) целиком

Ниже представлен текст книги, разбитый по страницам. Система сохранения места последней прочитанной страницы, позволяет с удобством читать онлайн бесплатно книгу «Catherine the Great», без необходимости каждый раз заново искать на чём Вы остановились. Поставьте закладку, и сможете в любой момент перейти на страницу, на которой закончили чтение.

Тёмная тема

Шрифт:

↓

↑

Сбросить

Интервал:

↓

↑

Закладка:

Сделать

23. SIRIO , clxviii: 466, Guy Dickens to Newcastle, 7 July 1753.

24. [J-L Favier], ‘Russkii dvor v 1761 godu’, RS , Oct. 1878.

25. Cross, 55–8; Dëmkin, Britanskoe kupechestvo , 128–35.

26. Kazakevich, Tsarskie zastol’ia , 24.

27. AKV , xxxiii: 50, ‘Zapiska prikhodu i raskhodu den’gam na 1754 god’; xxxii: 19, M. L. Vorontsov to I. I. Shuvalov, 27 Oct. 1756.

28. Correspondance , 82, 24 Aug. 1756.

29. Correspondance , 55, 20 Aug. 1756. See also, p. 74, 23 Aug. (cf. 124, 6 Sept.)

30. Correspondance , 197, 6 Oct. 1756.

31. Correspondance , 255, undated, Nov. 1756.

32. SIRIO , vii: 73, C. to Wolff, 11 Nov. 1756.

33. Correspondance , 272, 17 Nov. 1756.

34. SIRIO , cxlviii: 118, Guy Dickens to Newcastle, 8 Sept. 1750.

35. SIRIO , cxlviii: 113, Guy Dickens to Newcastle, 11 Aug. 1750.

36. Shcherbatov, 195.

37. C. Marsden, Palmyra of the North: The First Days of St Petersburg (London, 1942), 130.

38. SIRIO , cxlviii: 321–2, 28 Jan. 1752; ibid., 332, 7 Mar., prompted by ibid., 309, Newcastle to Guy Dickens, 27 Dec. 1751 NS.

39. Sochineniia , xii: 266.

40. SIRIO , cx: 292–3, Hyndford to Newcastle, 2 Feb. 1749.

41. Correspondance , 121, 6 Sept; KfZh (1758), 112.

42. KfZh (1756), 51, 102; Benois, Tsarskoe Selo , 246–8.

43. Correspondance , 4, 3 Aug. 1756.

44. Sochineniia , xii: 227.

45. Sochineniia , xii: 224, 219, 225.

46. PSZ , xii: 8908, 3 Apr. 1744.

47. SIRIO , cxlviii: 295, Guy Dickens to Newcastle, 26 Nov. 1751; KfZh (1751), 108–9.

48. Sochineniia , xii: 288–9.

49. Sochineniia , xii: 348.

50. Correspondance , 34, 11 Aug. 1756; 45, 18 Aug.

51. Correspondance , 145, 11 Sept. 1756.

52. Frotier de la Messelière, Voyage à Pétersbourg, ou nouveaux mémoires sur la Russie (Paris, 1803), 217–8, punctuation adjusted.

53. Sochineniia , xii: 393–5, where the event is misdated to 1758. The mistake recurs in A. L. Porfir’eva, ‘Muzykal’nye razvlecheniia Petra Fedorovicha v Oranienbaume’, in Archivo Russo—Italiano , IV, eds. Daniela Rizzi and A. Shishkin (Salerno, 2005), 340, and also in The Memoirs of Catherine the Great , eds. M. Cruse and H. Hoogenboom (New York, 2005), 178. Alexander, 51, gives 17 June 1757. The chronology of this period in C.’s memoirs is especially unreliable.

54. Zamoyski, Last King , 55.

55. Quoted in Alexander, 51.

56. KfZh (1757), 83.

57. J. L. H. Keep, ‘Feeding the Troops: Russian Army Supply Policies during the Seven Years’ War’, Canadian Slavonic Papers , 28–31 (1987).

58. Bil’basov, i: 332–46.

59. PSZ , xv: 10,940, 5 Apr. 1759, para. 5; KfZh (1759), 42; Sochineniia , xii: 407, 423; Alexander, 53–5.

60. AKV , xxxi: 88, M. L. to A. R. Vorontsov, 10 Mar. 1759; PSZ , xv: 10,930, 9 Mar. 1759.

Chapter 5

1. G. S. Rousseau, ‘“A strange pathology”: Hysteria in the Early Modern World’, in S. L. Gilman, et al, Hysteria beyond Freud (Berkeley, 1993), 157; L. Brockliss and C. Jones, The Medical World of Early Modern France (Oxford, 1997), 444.

2. AKV , ii: 633–6.

3. See E. V. Anisimov, ‘I. I. Shuvalov—deiatel’ rossiiskogo Prosveshcheniia’, Voprosy istorii , 1985, no. 7, 94–104.

4. KfZh (1761), 7.

5. KfZh (1760), 175.

6. Alexander, ‘Ivan Shuvalov’, 8.

7. ‘Russkii dvor’,.

8. AKV , iv: 461, 20 Feb. 1761.

9. F.G. Volkov i russkii teatr ego vremeni , 138–43.

10. KfZh (1761), 22. The artist’s name is not given.

11. AKV , iv: 461, 20 Feb. 1761; 462, 23 Feb.

12. Ia. V. Bruk, U istokov russkogo zhanra: XVIII vek (M, 1990), 45, pl. 53–5; AKV , xxxiv: 129.

13. Chappe d’Auteroche, Voyage en Sibérie , ed. M. Mervaud, ii: 344–5, SVEC , 2004:04.

14. KfZh (1761), 3–4, 7, 10; AKV , xxi: 84.

15. Zapiski Shtelina , i: 261.

16. ‘Dnevnik statskogo sovetnika Misere’, in Ekaterina: put’ k vlasti , eds. M. Lavrinovich and A. Liberman (M, 2003), 54.

17. AKV , iv: 464, 10 Apr. 1761, A. K. Vorontsova to her daughter, Anna Mikhailovna.

18. AKV , iv: 464–5, 17 Apr. 1761; KfZh (1761); Alexander, ‘Ivan Shuvalov’, 9.

19. AKV , iv: 465, 24 Apr. and 30 Apr. 1761.

20. KfZh (1761), 76, 94, 99, 102, 109, 122.

21. Sochineniia , xii: 785–6.

22. Sochineniia , xii: 613–27, passim .

23. Alexander, 55–7.

24. KfZh (1761), 79–80. For further fires see AKV, iv: 476, 6 July.

25. AKV , iv: 474, 15 June 1761.

26. Bil’basov, i: 418, n. 5, quoting the French ambassador Breteuil. Elizabeth had spent most of the week before at her devotions in her private chapel: KfZh (1761), 100–1.

27. KfZh (1761).

28. AKV : xxxi: 151, circular from M. L. Vorontsov, 19 Dec. 1761.

29. Shtelin, Zapiski , 97; KfZh (1762), 9–10.

30. For daily lists of their respective dining companions in Jan. and Feb., see KfZh (1762), 54–118, 1st pagn.

31. KfZh (1762), 3, 1st pagn.

32. KfZh (1762), 12, 1st pagn; Sochineniia , xii: 506–7.

33. Vinogradov, ‘Russian Mission’, 71. For Anna’s funeral commission, see Vnutrennii byt Russkago gosudarstva , i: 431–94 (438–9).

34. Shtelin, Zapiski , 96; KfZh (1762), 6–7, 1st pagn; L. Hughes, ‘Royal Funerals in Eighteenth-Century Russia’, in Monarchy and Religion , ed. Schaich, 411–2.

35. Sochineniia , xii: 508, has misled generations of historians by giving 25 Jan. as the date of Elizabeth’s funeral.

36. KfZh (1762), 16–17, 1st pagn.

37. Ya. P. Shakhovskoy, Zapiski, 1709–1777 , ed. R. E. Jones (Newtonville, MA, 1974), iii, 183.

38. Anecdotes russes, ou letters d’un officier allemand a un gentilhomme livonien, écrites de Pétersbourg en 1762 (London [The Hague], 1765), 32–4.

39. Bil’basov, i: 424.

40. ‘Zapiski pridvornago bril’iantshchika Poz’e’, RS , March 1870, 201–3.

41. AKV , xxxi: 153, M. L. to A. R. Vorontsov, 28 Dec. 1761. It was imposed that day: KfZh (1761), suppl., 4–5.

42. KfZh (1762), 19, 1st pagn, 27 Feb.

43. Shtelin, Zapiski , 97; KfZh (1762), 25, 1st pagn, 4 Feb.; SIRIO , vii: 121, 7 July 1762.

44. Hughes, ‘Royal funerals’, 413. The coffin was lowered into the vault only on 27 Feb., when neither Peter nor C. was present: KfZh (1762), 46, 1st pagn.

45. Mémoires du Comte de Hordt (Paris, 1784), 267–8.

46. Sochineniia , xii: 508–9.

47. Mémoires du Comte de Hordt , 267–8. In point of fact, C. was to attend memorial services for Elizabeth for the rest of her life.

48. KfZh (1762), 28–34, 1st pagn; ‘Dnevnik statskogo sovetnika Mizere’, 57; Benois, Tsarskoe Selo , 106, 111, 260–3.

49. SIRIO , xviii: 83, 143, Mercy to Kaunitz, 1 Feb. and 26 Feb. 1762 NS.

50. Sochineniia , xii: 547, C. to Poniatowski, 2 Aug. 1762.

51. Shcherbatov, 233.

52. C. S. Leonard, Reform and Regicide: The Reign of Peter III of Russia (Bloomington, IN, 1993), 42–5; 48–57. For a penetrating discussion, see E. A. Marasinova, ‘Manifest o vol’nosti dvorianstva (k voprosu o mekhanizmakh sotsial’nogo kontrolia)’, in E.R. Dashkova i zolotoi vek Ekateriny , ed. L. V. Tychinina, et al (M, 2006), 84–108.