James Mann - The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan

14 Memorandum for the President from Frank C. Carlucci, April 30, 1987, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

1 Handwritten notes of Massie meeting of February 25, 1987, and Memorandum for the President from Frank C. Carlucci, April 30, 1987, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

2 Ibid.

3 Message to be mailed to Suzanne Massie, March 2, 1989, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

4 Author interview with Suzanne Massie, February 16, 2008.

1 Interview with Dana Rohrabacher, May 5, 2005.

2 Philip Zelikow and Condoleezza Rice, Germany United and Europe Transformed (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1995), 20.

3 Author interview with Brent Scowcroft, May 26, 2006.

1 For details of the anniversary celebrations, see Rupert Cornwell, “German Views Collide Across Berlin Wall,” The Guardian , August 14, 1986, 2; Kevin Costelloe, “Berlin Wall Turns 25,” Associated Press, August 13, 1986.

2 Robert J. McCartney, “Berlin Wall At 25,” Washington Post , August 13, 1986, A19.

3 Terence Hunt, “Reagan Says East Germany Should Tear Down Wall,” Associated Press, August 11, 1986.

4 Ronald Reagan News Conference, August 12, 1986, in Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

5 Author interview with Barry Lowenkron, May 18, 2005.

6 John Lewis Gaddis, Now We Know (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 140 and passim.

7 Hope M. Harrison, Driving the Soviets Up the Wall (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003), 158.

8 Gaddis, Now We Know , 146.

9 Harrison, Driving the Soviets , 180-81.

10 David Binder, “Revival of the Berlin Wall Debate: If West Had Knocked It Down,” New York Times , August 14, 1986, A-16.

11 Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days (London: Mayflower-Dell, 1967), 681-82.

12 Author interview with Egon Bahr, December 20, 2005.

13 Author interview with Eberhard Diepgen, October 12, 2005.

1 Kiron K. Skinner, Annelise Anderson, and Martin Anderson, eds., Reagan: A Life in Letters (New York: Free Press, 2003), 536.

2 Memorandum for Governor Reagan from Dick Allen re “The Strategy for Peace Theme,” August 25, 1978.

3 Oral interview of Peter Hannaford to Hoover Institution and Gorbachev Foundation, June 5, 2000.

4 Author interview with Helmut Kohl, September 27, 2007.

5 Peter Hannaford, “Listening and Learning: Ronald Reagan’s first visit to Berlin, 1978,” article for Tear Down This Wall , museum publication of the Allied Museum in Berlin, 2007.

6 Author interview with Richard Allen, November 2, 2004; Hannaford oral interview.

7 Friedhelm Kemna, “Reagan schliesst neue Kandidatur bei den Republicanern nicht aus,” Die Welt , December 2, 1978.

8 Lou Cannon, “Reagan Urges Deterrence Through Strength,” Washington Post , June 10, 1982, A1.

9 Leslie Colitt, “Go Back to Hollywood, 60,000 Berliners Tell Reagan,” Financial Times , June 11, 1982, 3; John Tagliabue, “Thousands of Anti-Reagan Protesters Clash with the Police in West Berlin,” New York Times , June 12, 1982, 8.

10 Ronald Reagan, “Remarks to the People of Berlin,” June 11, 1982, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

11 Ronald Reagan, “Remarks on Arrival in Berlin,” June 11, 1982, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

12 Steven R. Weisman, “Reagan, in Berlin, Bids Soviet Work for a Safe Europe,” New York Times , June 12, 1982, 1.

13 Ronald Reagan, “Remarks on Arrival in Berlin.”

14 Author interview with Barry Lowenkron, May 18, 2005.

15 Author interview with Richard von Weizsäcker, November 23, 2005.

16 Transcript of Honecker-Chernenko Meeting in Moscow, August 17, 1984, in Vojtech Mastny and Malcolm Byrne, eds., A Cardboard Castle? An Inside History of the Warsaw Pact 1955-1991 (Budapest: Central European University Press, 2005), 496.

17 Author interview with Egon Krenz, November 17, 2005.

18 William Drozdiak, “Soviet Campaign Against W. Germany Seen as Aimed at Unity of East Bloc,” Washington Post , June 28, 1984, A-17.

19 Author interview with Egon Bahr, December 20, 2005.

20 Author interview with Eberhard Diepgen, October 12, 2005.

21 Author interview with Helmut Kohl, September 27, 2007.

22 John Kornblum, “Reagan’s Brandenburg Concerto,” The American Interest , Summer (May/June) 2007, 28.

23 Author interview with Nelson Ledsky, March 2, 2005; author interview with John Kornblum, September 20, 2005.

24 Author interview with Richard Burt, May 4, 2005.

1 Author interview with Nancy Reagan, June 29, 2005,

2 Author interview with George Shultz, Feb. 16, 2005.

3 Jim Kuhn, Ronald Reagan in Private , (New York: Sentinel, 2004), 203.

4 George J. Church, “Can Reagan Recover?” Time , March 9, 1987, pp. 20-24.

5 Author interview with Ken Duberstein, July 11, 2002.

6 Author interview with Thomas Griscom, April 12, 2005.

1 Agriculture joke: Jim Kuhn, Ronald Reagan in Private (New York: Sentinel, 2004), 115. Car salesman joke: author interview with Rudolf Perina, May 18, 2005. Brezhnev joke: Richard Pipes, Vixi (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 166.

2 Author interview with Eberhard Diepgen, October 12, 2005; author interview with Hildegard Boucsein, October 10, 2005.

3 George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 875.

4 Eberhart Diepgen, Zwischen den Mächten: Von dem Besetzten Stadt zur Hauptstadt (Berlin: im.be.bre Verlag, 2004), 58.

5 These quotes are taken from “Presidential June 12 Berlin Speech,” and accompanying “Draft Presidential Speech, Berlin, June 12, 1987,” dated March 6, 1987, obtained from the State Department under the Freedom of Information Act.

6 Ibid., 1, 2, 22.

7 Ibid., cover letter, 2.

8 John C. Kornblum, “Reagan’s Brandenburg Concerto,” The American Interest , May/June 2007, 31.

9 Peter Robinson, How Ronald Reagan Changed My Life (New York: HarperCollins, 2003), 96.

1 Lou Cannon, Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power (New York: Public Affairs, 2003), 116.

2 George P. Shultz, oral interview, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, December 18, 2002, 33.

3 Donald Regan, oral interview, Hoover Institution, June 7, 2000, 37.

4 Jim Kuhn. Ronald Reagan in Private (New York: Sentinel, 2004), 139.

5 Richard Allen, oral interview, Miller Center, May 28, 2002.

6 Jack F. Matlock, Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 1984), 87.

7 Frederick K. J. Ryan, Jr., oral interview, Miller Center, May 25, 2004, 7.

8 Ronald Reagan State of the Union address, January 26, 1982.

9 Kiron K. Skinner, Annelise Anderson, and Martin Anderson, eds., Reagan: In His Own Hand (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001).

10 Edwin Meese, oral history with Hoover Institution, January 22, 2001, 55.

11 Author interview with Dana Rohrabacher, May 5, 2005.

12 Aram Bakshian, oral interview, Miller Center, January 14, 2002.

13 Author interviews with Anthony Dolan, June 21, 2006, and April 23, 2007.