James Mann - The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan

3 Hoover Institution/Gorbachev Foundation Oral History Project, Interview with Michael Deaver, June 6, 2000. See also “Reagan Says U.S. Should Have Acted,” (unsigned), Los Angeles Times , January 27, 1968, 8.

4 Thomas C. Reed, At the Abyss: An Insider’s History of the Cold War (New York: Ballantine Books, 2005), 241-46.

5 Ronald Reagan, An American Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), 585-86.

6 Ronald Reagan, The Reagan Diaries , (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 199. For an extensive examination of the events of this period, see Beth A. Fischer, The Reagan Reversal (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997), 112-40.

7 “Excerpts from the President’s Speech in Tokyo,” New York Times , November 11, 1983, A-7; George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 466.

8 Author interview with Frank Carlucci, January 19, 2005; Lettow, Ronald Reagan and His Quest , 234-35.

9 Author interview with Thomas Simons, May 17, 2006. Actually, Reagan won forty-nine states in 1984, losing only Minnesota and the District of Columbia.

10 James Kuhn, oral interview, Miller Center, March 7, 2003.

11 Ronald Reagan letter to George Murphy, December 19, 1985 ,in Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

12 Anatoly S. Chernyaev, My Six Years with Gorbachev (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000), 52-53.

13 Anatoly Dobrynin, In Confidence (New York: Times Books, 1995), 603; Jack F. Matlock, Jr., Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 2004), 176-78.

14 Chernyaev, My Six Years , 59.

15 Mikhail Gorbachev, Memoirs (New York: Doubleday, 1995), 414; Chernyaev, My Six Years , 78-79.

16 Henry Kissinger, “Danger at the Summit,” Newsweek , October 13, 1986, 38.

17 Memorandum of Conversation, October 12, 1986, 3:25 p.m.-6 p.m., Hofdi House, Reykjavik, in Ronald Reagan Presidential Library; George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 772.

18 Kuhn oral interview, Miller Center, 46-47.

19 William C. Wohlforth, ed., Witnesses to the End of the Cold War (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 175.

20 “Memorandum for the President from John M. Poindexter, Nov. 1, 1986, “Guidance for Post-Reykjavik Follow-up Activities,” and “Dec. 18, 1986: Meeting with the Joint Chiefs of Staff,” in National Security Archive collection, The Reykjavik File: http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB203/index.htm.

21 “Session of the Politburo, Oct. 14, 1986,” in National Security Archive; Chernyaev, My Six Years , 5.

1 Author interview with Brent Scowcroft, May 26, 2006.

2 Author interview with Nelson Ledsky, March 3, 2005; George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 776.

3 Author interview with Fritz W. Ermarth, January 25, 2005.

4 Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger, “A Real Peace,” National Review , May 22, 1987, 32-34. For relationship of Nixon and Kissinger, see Henry A. Kissinger, Years of Renewal (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999), 87.

5 “An Interview with Richard Nixon,” Time magazine, May 4, 1987, 23.

6 Henry A. Kissinger, “Kissinger: How to Deal with Gorbachev,” Newsweek , March 2, 1987.

7 “An Interview with Richard Nixon,” Time ; “Kissinger: How to Deal with Gorbachev,” Newsweek.

8 Kuhn oral interview, 231-32.

9 Author interview with George Will, April 12, 2005; George F. Will, “The Opiate of Arms Control,” Newsweek , April 27, 1987, 86; Charles Krauthammer, “Gorbachev’s Iron Smile,” Washington Post , April 24, 1987, A27.

10 Hoover Institution/Gorbachev Foundation oral interview with Lyn Nofziger, June 5, 2000, 27-28.

1 Author interview with Frank Carlucci, January 19, 2005.

2 Richard Nixon, “Memorandum to the File, Meeting with President Reagan at the White House, 5 p.m., April 28, 1987.”

3 Ibid.

1 Unsigned editorial, “The Proposed Treaty,” National Review , May 22, 1987, 13-14; Robert M. Gates, From the Shadows (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), 404.

2 Author’s Carlucci interview, January 19, 2005.

3 See National Security Decision Directive Number 250, “Post-Reykjavik Follow-Up,” November 4, 1986, obtained from “The Reykjavik File,” National Security Archive; Jack C. Matlock, Jr., Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 2004), 246.

4 Author’s Ermarth interview, January. 25, 2005; author interview with William Odom, March 23, 2005.

1 This account is based upon appointment calendars at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, records of the Massie-Reagan correspondence at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, and interviews with Suzanne Massie, March 21, 2005, and Robert McFarlane, April 28, 2005.

2 Hoover Institution/Gorbachev Foundation oral interview with Donald Regan, June 17, 2000. Regan’s assertion is too sweeping. The Reagan archives demonstrate that some of Massie’s meetings with Reagan were in the Oval Office, and that advisers such as McFarlane and his successors John Poindexter, Frank Carlucci, and Colin Powell took part in some of the sessions.

3 Ronald Reagan Presidential Library: Letter to Samuel Robert Massie, August 5, 1987, WHORM ME001, case file 509807; Scheduling Note, Dona to Wilma, Aug. 6, 1985, WHORM PR007-01, Box 16, 273288 and following.

4 Suzanne Massie letter to Ronald Reagan, March 12, 1986, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

5 Interview with Nancy Reagan, June 29, 2005; interview with Suzanne Massie, March 25, 2005.

6 Don Oberdorfer, The Turn (New York: Poseidon Press, 1991), 143; John Leonard book review, “Land of the Firebird,” New York Times , October 8, 1980, C-25.

7 Nancy Reagan, My Turn (New York: Random House, 1989), 289.

1 This section is taken from interviews with Suzanne Massie, March 21, 2005, and February 16, 2008, and from Robert and Suzanne Massie, Journey (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973), 1-9, 196-98.

2 Massie and Massie, Journey, 154-55.

3 Ibid., 214-21.

4 Ibid., 163-64.

5 Author’s Massie interviews, March 21, 2005, and February 16, 2008.

6 Suzanne Massie, Land of the Firebird: The Beauty of Old Russia (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1980), 13-14. John Leonard, “Books of The Times,” New York Times , October 8, 1980, C-25.

7 Author’s Massie interview, February 16, 2008.

1 Author’s Massie interview, March 21, 2005; William Drozdiak, “Pilots Begin Soviet Boycott,” Washington Post , September 15, 1983, A15.

2 John F. Burns, “Andropov Attacks U.S. Missile Plan as Unacceptable,” New York Times , September 29, 1983, A1; John M. Goshko, “20 Soviet Scholars Recalled from U.S.,” Washington Post , September 17, 1983, A10.

3 Author’s interview with Vladimir Zubok, September 10, 2007.

4 Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story (New York: HarperPerennial, 1990), 502-3, 644.

5 David Remnick, Lenin’s Tomb (New York: Random House, 1993), 445.