James Mann - The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan

6 Author’s Massie interview, March 21, 2005.

7 “Life In Russia: Pattern of Subtle Change,” U.S. News and World Report , February 1, 1982, 33; Strobe Talbott, “Trying to Influence Moscow,” Time , November 22, 1982.

8 Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story , 593, 599-600. For other accounts of Able Archer, see John Prados, “The War Scare of 1983,” in Robert Cowley, ed., The Cold War: A Military History (New York: Random House, 2006), 438-54; Robert M. Gates, From the Shadows (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 270-73; Don Oberdorfer, The Turn (New York: Poseidon Press, 1991), 64-68.

9 Author interview with Robert McFarlane, April 28, 2005.

10 Author interview with Fritz Ermarth, January 25, 2005.

11 Special National Intelligence Estimate 11-10-84/JX, May 18, 1984, “Implications of Recent Soviet Military-Political Activities, declassified and published by Center for the Study of Intelligence; Gates, From the Shadows , pp. 272-73.

12 Ronald Reagan, An American Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), 588-89.

13 Author’s McFarlane interview; interview with George Shultz, February 16, 2005; George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 464-65.

14 Bernard Weinraub, “Risk of War Rises, Mondale Asserts,” New York Times , January 4, 1984, A-7.

15 Ronald Reagan, “Address to the Nation and Other Countries on United States-Soviet Relations,” January 16, 1984, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

16 Jack F. Matlock, Jr., Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 2004), 80-87.

17 Ibid., p. 83.

18 Anatoly Dobrynin, In Confidence (New York: Times Books, 1995), 551.

1 This section is based upon interviews with Jack Matlock, Robert McFarlane, and Suzanne Massie.

2 Jack F. Matlock, Jr., Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 2004), 93-94; George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 903.

3 Author interview with Brent Scowcroft, May 26, 2006.

4 This section is based upon interviews with McFarlane and Massie.

5 Author interview with George Shultz, February 16, 2005; Anatoly Dobrynin, In Confidence (New York: Times Books, 1995), 600.

1 Ronald Reagan letter to Suzanne Massie, February 15, 1984, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Presidential Handwriting File, Box 008, folder 116.

2 Ronald Reagan letter to John O. Koehler, in Kiron K. Skinner, Annelise Anderson, and Martin Anderson, eds., Reagan: A Life in Letters (New York: Free Press, 2003), 375.

3 Author interview with Colin Powell, November 2, 2006; Stuart Spencer, oral interview, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virgina, November 15, 2001.

4 Robert and Suzanne Massie, Journey (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973), 164-65; Suzanne Massie, “The Importance of the Russian Culture and the Russian Church: A Personal Testimony,” speech to Holy Trinity Orthodox Seminary, June 7, 1981, republished at suzannemassie.com.

5 Suzanne Massie letters to Ronald Reagan, January 20, 1984, and March 8, 1984, Presidential Handwriting File, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

6 Author interview with Suzanne Massie, March 21, 2005; Suzanne Massie, “The New Russian Spirit,” speech given to Smithsonian Institution, May 1, 1986.

7 Ibid.

8 Massie quote from interview, March 21, 2005. Nancy Reagan quote from Nancy Reagan, My Turn (New York: Random House, 1989), 89.

9 Robert F. Gates, From the Shadows (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), 344.

10 Author interview with Rozanne Ridgway, June 20, 2005.

11 Jack F. Matlock, Jr., Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 2004), 143-44.

12 Anatoly Dobrynin, In Confidence (New York: Times Books, 1995), 584.

13 Reagan’s appointment calendars from Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

14 Suzanne Massie letter to Ronald Reagan, October 27, 1985; Ronald Reagan letter to Suzanne Massie, November 15, 1985, Presidential Handwriting File Box 14, Folder 209, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

15 Ronald Reagan letters to Elsa Sandstrom and Alan Brown, in Skinner et al., Reagan: A Life , 414-15.

16 Author interview with Colin Powell, November 2, 2006.

1 Daily diaries of President Reagan and memo, Jack F. Matlock to John Poindexter, September 22, 1986, in Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

2 George Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 724. See also Serge Schmemann, “Chernobyl Fallout: Apocalyptic Tale and Fear,” New York Times , July 26, 1986, 1.

3 Author interview with Suzanne Massie, March 21, 2005.

4 Mikhail Gorbachev letter to Ronald Reagan, October 12, 1985; Ronald Reagan letter to Mikhail Gorbachev, November 1, 1985, in White House Staff and Office Files, Head of State, Box 2940, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

5 Ronald Reagan, An American Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 667.

6 For the general facts of the Daniloff case, see Jack F. Matlock, Jr., Reagan and Gorbachev (New York: Random House, 2004), 197-214, and Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph , 728-50.

7 Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph , 746.

8 George F. Will, “Reagan Botched the Daniloff Affair,” Washington Post , September 18, 1986, A25; George F. Will, “Reeling Toward Reykjavik,” Washington Post , October 3, 1986, A23.

9 Author interview with Frank Carlucci, January 19, 2005.

10 Anatoly S. Chernyaev, My Six Years with Gorbachev (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000), 84.

11 Barrett Seaman, “Has Reagan Gone Soft?” Time , October 13, 1986, 38.

12 Reagan’s memory as an actor: William H. Webster, oral interview, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, August 21, 2002, 26; David Remnick, “Reagan to Gorbachev, ‘Rodilsya, Ne Toropilsya,’” Washington Post , May 29, 1988, A20.

13 Chernyaev, My Six Years , 51.

14 Robert M. Gates, From the Shadows (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), 377.

1 William S. Cohen and John Heinz, letter to The Honorable Ronald W. Reagan, June 3, 1986, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, WHORM files PE002, casefile 404941.

2 Suzanne Massie letter to Ronald Reagan, January 4, 1987, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

3 Ronald Reagan letter to Suzanne Massie, January 13, 1987, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

4 James Mann, Rise of the Vulcans (New York: Viking, 2004), 157.

5 President’s Daily Diary, February 3, 1987, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library; George Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993), 872-73.

6 Author interview with Suzanne Massie, February 16, 2008; Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph.

7 Author interview with Frank Carlucci, January 19, 2005.

8 Author interview with Nelson Ledsky, March 2, 2005.

9 Steven Engelberg, “Marines Say Two Guards Allowed Russians to Roam U.S. Embassy,” New York Times , March 28, 1987, 1.

10 The former NSC official passed on the information on the understanding that it would not be attributed to him.

11 Pete Early, “Spy Fiasco,” Washington Post Magazine , February 7, 1988, W20.

12 Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph , 880-85, 900.

13 Memorandum for Frank C. Carlucci from Fritz W. Ermarth (and attached letter to Massie for the president’s signature), April 23, 1987, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.