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Ernst Jünger, one of twentieth-century Germany’s most important and controversial writers, faithfully kept a journal during the Second World War in occupied Paris, on the eastern front, and in Germany until its defeat-writings that are of major historical and literary significance. These wartime journals appear here in English for the first time.
Ernst Jünger was one of twentieth-century Germany’s most important—and most controversial—writers. Decorated for bravery in World War I and the author of the acclaimed western front memoir Storm of Steel, he frankly depicted war’s horrors even as he extolled its glories. As a Wehrmacht captain during World War II, Jünger faithfully kept a journal in occupied Paris and continued to write on the eastern front and in Germany until its defeat—writings that are of major historical and literary significance. Jünger’s Paris journals document his Francophile excitement, romantic affairs, and fascination with botany and entomology, alongside mystical and religious ruminations and trenchant observations on the occupation and the politics of collaboration. While working as a mail censor, he led the privileged life of an officer, encountering artists such as Céline, Cocteau, Braque, and Picasso. His notes from the Caucasus depict the chaos after Stalingrad and atrocities on the eastern front. Upon returning to Paris, Jünger observed the French resistance and was close to the German military conspirators who plotted to assassinate Hitler in 1944. After fleeing France, he reunited with his family as Germany’s capitulation approached.
Both participant and commentator, close to the horrors of history but often distancing himself from them, Jünger turned his life and experiences into a work of art. These wartime journals appear here in English for the first time, giving fresh insights into the quandaries of the twentieth century from the keen pen of a paradoxical observer.
Ernst Jünger (1895–1998) was a major figure in twentieth-century German literature and intellectual life. He was a young leader of right-wing nationalism in the Weimar Republic. Among his many works is the novel On the Marble Cliffs, a symbolic criticism of totalitarianism written under the Third Reich.
Elliot Neaman is professor of history at the University of San Francisco and the author of A Dubious Past: Ernst Jünger and the Politics of Literature after Nazism (1999).
Thomas Hansen, a longtime member of the Wellesley College German Department, is a translator from the German.
Abby Hansen is a translator of German literary and nonfiction texts.

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Head Ranger, xiv

Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 87

Hebbel, Christian Friedrich, 134, 188

Heinse, Johann Jakob Wilhelm, 395–96

Heinsheimer, Friedrich. See Husser, Fernand

Heller, Gerhard, 39, 47, 56, 60, 61–62, 89, 168, 203, 231, 291; Bousquet, M., and, 188; Göpel and, 257; Gould and, 171, 274, 331; Jouhandeau, M., and, 174; Poupet and, 99; Siegler and, 102; Thomas, H., and, 201; Valentiner, K., and, 184

Heller, Marie-Louise, 274, 275

Henri, Florence, 71, 76

Henry IV, 295

Heracles at the Crossroads (Poussin), 32

Heraclitus, 247, 386; Hamann and, 255

Hércule (unidentified), 89, 171, 221

Hérisson d’Irisson, Maurice conte d’, 301

Herodotus, 78, 118; Hamann and, 255

Hesiod, 358, 360

Heydrich, Reinhard, xv, 267

Hielscher, Friedrich, xii, xxi–xxii, 148, 190, 262, 288, 292. See also Bogo

High Wind in Jamaica, A , 69

Hildesheim Chronicle , 310

Himmler, Heinrich, 307

Hindenburg, Paul von, 44, 203, 356, 381

History in a Nutshell (Historia in Nuce) (Jünger, E.), 283

History of Charles XII (Voltaire), 275–76

History of Saint Louis, The (Joinville), 329

History of Shipwrecks (Deperthes), 377–78

History of the Greeks (Jäger), 161

History of the Spanish Conspiracy Against Venice , 275

Hitler, Adolf, xvii, 27, 41, 53, 66, 217, 266–67, 299, 319; appeal for civil defense, 350–51; assassination attempt on, xx, 336; bad signs for, 275; Cainites and, 372; charisma of, 203; as chosen by world spirit, 280; command by, 335; diabolical greatness of, 198; discredit of good ideas by, 252; dreams of, 186, 396; driver of, 273; as example, 353; executions under, 175; eyes of, 228; handwriting of, 211; Hindenburg and, 381; ill health of, 370; intransigence of, 308; lack of sympathy for, 170; Mars and, 257; “Night and Fog Decree” of, 203, 229, 414 n 39; oath of allegiance to, 324; objectives of, 49; order to blow up bridges by, 341–42; overestimations of, 197; photograph of, 329; planned removal of, 308; prediction of victory by, 330; shift from Diabolus to Santanas by, 60; speeches of, 274, 375; Speidel, H., and, 331–32; Stülpnagel, H., and, 327; symbolism of, 235; theft of law by, 247; on verdicts of military tribunals, 215

Hitler , ein deutsches Verhangnis (Hitler, a German Disaster) (Niekisch), 401

Hofacker, Cäsar von, xx, xxi, 307–8, 315, 336

Hoffman, Albert, xxvi

Hoffmann, Ernst Theodor Wilhelm, 172, 261

Hohes Ufer, 279

Hohly, Richard, 185, 211–12

Hölderlin, Friedrich, 286, 418 n 121

Höll, Werner, 12–13, 16, 20, 99; letters from, 148

Holle (school principal and teacher), 326

Holofernes, 189

Holstein, Friedrich von, 232

Homer, xi, 39, 95, 141

Horion, Adolf, 228

horoscopes. See astrology

hostages, 52; executions of, 36, 37, 238, 409 n 26

hôtels de passe (brothels), 11

Houdon, Jean Antoine, 58, 69, 386

hourglass, 297

House of the Dead, The (Dostoevsky), 135

Houssaye, J. G., 76

Hufeland, Christoph Wilhelm, 293

Hugo, Victor, 318

Human Condition, The (La Condition Humaine) (Malraux), 23

Humm, Albert, 93, 342

Husser, Fernand, 262–63, 266, 275, 329, 330

Huxley, Aldous, xiii, xvi, 222, 229, 242, 246, 248, 250, 252, 253, 354; nihilism and, 255

Huysmans, Joris-Karl, 27, 182, 368, 384, 389

Hymns to the Night (Novalis), 397

Hyperion or The Hermit in Greece (Hyperion oder Der Eremit in Griechenland) (Hölderlin), 418 n 121

Ichbezogenheit (cult of self) , xxiv

I. G. Hamann, eine Festrede gehalten am 27. Januar 1916 in der Aula der westfalischen Wilhelms-Universitat zu Munster von Julius Smend ,” 255

Illusions of Technology (Illusionen der Technik) (Jünger, F. G.), 90, 150, 175, 368

individuality, 51

individuation, 177

inner emigration, xiv

In Praise of Vowels (Jünger, E.), 415 n 42

insects, 4, 17, 18, 34, 273, 280, 310–11; diversity of, 344; dream of, 253; in flowers, 184. See also beetles; butterflies

insemination, spirituality of, 179

intelligence, 365–66; of women, 28

intoxication, productivity and, 163

Irving, Washington, 184, 212, 231

Isaiah, Book of, 109, 110, 130, 281

Island of Ceylon and Its Natural Curiosities, The (L’Ile de Ceylan et ses Curiosites Naturelles) (Sachot), 347

jack-of-all-trades, 99–100

Jäger, Oskar, 161

James, Thomas, 378

James I, 231

Janin, René, 221

Japan: dream of, 313; snakes and, 37

Jeannel, Rénée Gabriel, 348

Jehovah, 59

Jeinsen, Gretha von, xii

Jeinsen, Kurt von (brother-in-law), 45

Jeremiah, Book of, 120, 130

Jessen, Peter Jens, 47, 307, 315

Jewish Peril, The (Le Péril Juif) , xvi

Jewish War (Josephus), 279, 280–81

Jews, xvii–xviii, 78, 338; anti-Semitism against, xvi, 242, 372, 406 n 21; arrests of, 76; cleverness of, 204; as eternal, 372; executions of, 267–68; in ghettos, 267–68; Nebel and, 102; in Russia, 152; yellow stars on, 69–70

“Jews and the National Question” (Jünger, E.), xiii

Job, Book of, 83

Jodl, Alfred, 49

Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 81, 333

John, Gospel of, 288, 290, 294

Joinville, Jean de, 329

Jomini, Antoine Henri baron de, 221

Josephus, Flavius, 279, 280–81

Jouhandeau, Elisabeth, 174, 233

Jouhandeau, Marcel, xv, xvi, 60–61, 171, 173, 174, 192, 226, 233–34, 237–38, 248, 284; at birthday, 308; Braque and, 261; Cicero and, 253; dream of, 285; Gould and, 251, 292, 318; on his marriage, 201–2; Michelangelo and, 304; Saint-Gellais and, 250

Journal (Gide), 301

Journal of an Interpreter in China (Journal d’un Interprete en Chine) (Hérisson), 301

Journal of Scientific Entomology (Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie) , 279

Journal of the Plague Year , A (Defoe), 241

Journals (Byron), 309

Judith, Book of, 189

Jünger, Alexander Carl (son), 205, 310–12, 313, 346, 387; courage of, 355; fairytale by, 396; journal of, 362

Jünger, Christian Jakob Friedrich “Fritz” (grandfather), 132, 237, 279; dream of, 264

Jünger, Ernst. See specific topics and works

Jünger, Ernstel (son), xxii, xxiii, 37–38, 279, 296, 312–13, 350; arrest of, 297–99; death of, 379–81; dream of, 400; letter from, 301, 357, 366; memorial for, 380, 383; new assignment for, 346–47, 351, 357; photography of, 381

Jünger, Ernst Georg (father): death of, 160–61, 288, 378; dreams of, 238, 242–43, 289, 348, 364; illness of, 158; Jünger, F. G., on, 207

Jünger, Friedrich Georg (brother), xii, xiv, 81–82, 85, 103, 150, 175, 193, 194, 197, 208, 224, 293, 311, 352; Abt and, 55; dreams of, 110–11, 147, 368; on father, 207; at father’s funeral, 161; on Gardens and Streets , 46; letters from, 57, 72, 90, 111, 148, 165, 178, 201, 207, 211, 228, 368, 392; mythology and, 199; poems by, 48, 74, 116–17, 125, 131, 162, 220, 228, 385–86; technology and, 163

Jünger, Gretha Lidy Toni Margrete Anni (wife, Perpetua), xii, xviii–xix, 118, 119, 164, 167, 210, 227, 278; birthday of, 392; Christmas cake from, 147; dreams of, 178, 246, 363; on father’s death, 160; on gas masks, 228; gravitational pull of, 37; on her brother’s death, 284; at home with, 63–65; letters from, 18–19, 39, 41, 72, 84, 100, 102, 148, 178, 215, 251, 270, 272, 284, 332; Menzel and, 374; present for, 258; son and, 297–98, 312; on son’s death, xxiii

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