Сергей Плохий - Chernobyl

11. Volodymyr Lytvyn, Politychna arena Ukraïny: Diiovi osoby ta vykonavtsi (Kyiv, 1994), 110–111; Ivan Drach, Polityka: Statti, dopovidi, vystupy, interv'iu (Kyiv, 1997), 334.

12. Borys Oliinyk’s address, in Vsesoiuznaia konferentsiia Kommunisticheskoi partii Sovetskogo Soiuza, 28 iiunia–1 iiulia 1988 g. Stenograficheskii otchet v dvukh tomakh (Moscow, 1988), vol. 2, 31.

13. Stepan Mukha, head of the Ukrainian KGB, to the Ukrainian Central Committee, “Informatsionnoe soobshchenie za 17 iiulia 1986 g.,” p. 3, Archive SBU, fond 16, op. 1, no. 1114; Nikolai Galushko, head of the Ukrainian KGB, to the Ukrainian Central Committee, “Informatsionnoe soobshchenie za 29 iiunia 1987 g.,” p. 2, Archive SBU, fond 16, op. 1, no. 1117.

14. Iurii Shcherbak, Chernobyl: A Documentary Story , foreword by David R. Marples (Edmonton, 1989); Lytvyn, Politychna arena Ukraïny , 182.

15. Stepan Mukha, head of the Ukrainian KGB, to Volodymyr Shcherbytsky, first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, “Informatsionnoe soobshchenie,” April 16, 1987; “Obrashchenie v TsK KPSS, Prezidium Verkhovnoho Soveta SSR, Ministerstvo atomnoi ėnergetiki SSSR i gazetu ‘Pravda,’ ” Archive SBU, fond 16, op. 1, no. 1116.

16. N. Galushko, I. Gladush, and P. Osipenko to Volodymyr Shcherbytsky, “O gotoviashcheisia aktivistami t.n. ‘ukrainskogo kul’turologicheskoho kluba’ antiobshchestvennoi aktsii,” April 25, 1988, Archive SBU, fond 16, op. 1, no. 1119; Oles Shevchenko’s statement at the December 11, 1991, session of the Supreme Soviet of Ukraine, www.rada.gov.ua/zakon/skl1/BUL14/111291_46.htm.

17. David R. Marples, Ukraine Under Perestroika: Ecology, Economics and the Workers’ Revolt (New York, 1991), 137–141.

18. Nikolai Galushko, head of the Ukrainian KGB, to the Ukrainian Central Committee, “O sostoiavshemsia v g. Kieve mitinge po problemam ėkologii,” November 14, 1988, Archive SBU, fond 16, op. 1, no. 1120.

19. Marples, Ukraine Under Perestroika , 141–142; V. V. Ovsiienko, “Makar, Ivan Ivanovych,” in Dysydents'kyi rukh Ukraïny: Virtual'nyi muzei , http://archive.khpg.org/index.php?id=1184058826; Ihor Mel'nyk, “Pershyi mitynh u L'vovi: Spohady ochevydtsia,” Zbruch , June 13, 2013.

20. Nikolai Galushko, head of the Ukrainian KGB, to Volodymyr Shcherbytsky, first secretary of the Ukrainian Central Committee, “O sozdanii initsiativnoi gruppy v podderzhku perestroiki v Soiuze pisatelei Ukrainy,” November, 24, 1988, Archive SBU, fond 16, op. 1, no. 1120; Drach, Polityka , 334.

21. Volodymyr Shcherbytsky to the Central Committee in Moscow, January 7, 1989, TsDAHO, fond 1, op. 32, no. 2671, fols. 1–3.

CHAPTER 19: NUCLEAR REVOLT

1. “Vspominaia Chernobyl'skuiu katastrofu,” NewsInPhoto , March 19, 2011, http://newsinphoto.ru/texnologii/vspominaya-chernobylskuyu-katastrofu.

2. Nikolai Galushko, head of the Ukrainian KGB, to Volodymyr Shcherbytsky, first secretary of the Ukrainian Central Committee, “O nekotorykh problemakh likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AĖS,” December 6, 1988, Archive SBU, fond 16, op. 1, no. 1120.

3. Archie Brown, The Gorbachev Factor (Oxford, 1997); Chris Miller, The Struggle to Save the Soviet Economy: Mikhail Gorbachev and the Collapse of the USSR (Chapel Hill, NC, 2016).

4. Vakhtang Kipiani and Vladimir Fedorin, “Shcherbitskii skazal—kakoi durak pridumal slovo ‘perestroika’?” Ukraïns'ka pravda , September 11, 2011.

5. Nikolai Galushko, head of the Ukrainian KGB, to Volodymyr Shcherbytsky, first secretary of the Ukrainian Central Committee, “Ob otklikakh na vstrechu general'nogo sekretaria TsK KPSS s gruppoi pisatelei,” February 27, 1989, Archive SBU, fond 16, op. 1, no. 1122; Oleksii Haran', Vid stvorennia Rukhu do bahatopartiinosti (Kyiv, 1992).

6. “Prohrama narodnoho Rukhu Ukraïny za perebudovu,” Literaturna Ukraïna , no. 7 (February 16, 1989); “Program of the Popular Movement for Restructuring of Ukraine,” in Toward an Intellectual History of Ukraine: An Anthology of Ukrainian Thought from 1710 to 1995 , eds. Ralph Lindheim and George S. N. Luckyj (Toronto, 1996), 353–354.

7. Paul Josephson, Nicolai Dronin, Ruben Mnatsakanian, Aleh Cherp, Dmitry Efremenko, and Vladislav Larin, The Environmental History of Russia (Cambridge, 2013), 274–284.

8. David R. Marples, Ukraine Under Perestroika: Ecology, Economics and the Workers’ Revolt (New York, 1991), 155.

9. Alla Iaroshinskaia, Bosikom po bitomu steklu: Vospominaniia, dnevniki, dokumenty , vol. 1 (Zhytomyr, 2010); Vakhtang Kipiani, “Yaroshyns'ka, shcho ty robysh u Narodyts'komu raioni?” Ukraïins'ka pravda , April 29, 2006.

10. Alla Iaroshinskaia, Chernobyl': Bol'shaia lozh' (Moscow, 2011), 1–40. Cf. Alla A. Yaroshinskaya, Chernobyl: Crime Without Punishment (New Brunswick, NJ, 2011), 1–23.

11. Vitalii Karpenko’s statement at the December 11, 1991, session of the Ukrainian parliament, www.rada.gov.ua/zakon/skl1/BUL14/111291_46.htm; Volodymyr Yavorivsky’s report to the Ukrainian parliament, December 11, 1991, in ibid.; Yaroshinskaya, Chernobyl: Crime Without Punishment , 46–47.

12. Yaroshinskaya, Chernobyl: Crime Without Punishment , 25.

13. Ales' Adamovich, “Chestnoe slovo, bol'she ne vzorvetsia, ili mnenie nespetstialista—otzyvy spetsialistov,” Novyi mir , no. 9 (1988): 164–179; “Ales' Adamovich predskazal strashnye posledstviia Chernobylia i spas Belarus' ot iadernykh boegolovok,” TUT.BY , April 26, 2007, http://news.tut.by/society/86832.html.

14. Marples, Ukraine Under Perestroika , 50–52.

15. Yaroshinskaya, Chernobyl: Crime Without Punishment , 32–45; Yaroshinskaia, Bosikom po bitomu steklu , vol. 2, 7–55; Nikolai Galushko, head of the Ukrainian KGB, to Volodymyr Shcherbytsky, first secretary of the Ukrainian Central Committee, “Ob obstanovke v Narodicheskom raione Zhitomirskoi oblasti,” June 16, 1990, Archive SBU, fond 16, op. 1, no. 1123.

16. David Marples, Belarus: From Soviet Rule to Nuclear Catastrophe (London, 1996), 121–122.

17. Jane I. Dawson, Eco-Nationalism: Anti-Nuclear Activism and National Identity in Russia, Lithuania, and Ukraine (Durham, NC, 1996), 59–60.

18. Volodymyr Lytvyn, Politychna arena Ukraïny: Diiovi osoby ta vykonavtsi (Kyiv, 1994), 201–208.

19. Nikolai Galushko, head of the Ukrainian KGB, to Volodymyr Ivashko, first secretary of the Ukrainian Central Committee, “O protsessakh, sviazannykh so stroitel'stvom i ėkspluatatsiei AĖS v respublike,” April 29, 1990, Archive SBU, fond 16, op. 1, no. 1125; Nikolai Galushko, head of the Ukrainian KGB, to Vitalii Masol, head of the Council of Ministers of Ukraine, “O neblagopoluchnoi obstanovke skladyvaiushcheisia vokrug Khmel'nitskoi AĖS,” May 11, 1990, in ibid., no. 1126.

20. H. I. Honcharuk, Narodnyi rukh Ukraïny: Istoriia (Odesa, 1997); D. Efremenko, “Eco-nationalism and the Crisis of Soviet Empire (1986–1991),” Irish Slavonic Studies 24 (2012): 17–20.

CHAPTER 20: INDEPENDENT ATOM

1. “1991 rik: Pershi dni usvidomlennia. Fotoreportazh,” UkrInform , August 23, 2013, www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-other_news/1536034-1991_rik_pershi_dni_usvidomlennya_fotoreportag_1856500.html.

2. Serhii Plokhy, The Last Empire: The Final Days of the Soviet Union (New York, 2014), 73–151.

3. “Verkhovna rada Ukraïny, Stenohrama plenarnoho zasidannia,” August 24, 1991, http://iportal.rada.gov.ua/meeting/stenogr/show/4595.html.

4. “Chomu akt proholoshennia nezalezhnosti Ukraïny zachytav komunist,” Hromads'ke radio , August 25, 2016, https://hromadskeradio.org/programs/kyiv-donbas/chomu-akt-progoloshennya-nezalezhnosti-ukrayiny-zachytav-komunist; author’s interview with Leonid Kravchuk, November 21, 2016, Harvard University.