Chalmers Johnson - MITI and the Japanese miracle

57. Inaba, 1965, pp. 5580; and Inaba, 1977.

58. On Inaba's connection with the Kyocho* Kai, see Inaba, 1977. Yoshida Shigeru, the first director of the Cabinet Research Bureau, was also affiliated with the Kyocho Kai, and he brought from it to the Research Bureau Inaba, Katsumata, and Minoguchi Tokijiro*, a prominent professor of economics at Hitotsubashi University after the war. On the Kyocho Kai, see Japan Industrial Club, 1: 103.

59. For the text of the ordinance and a chart of the most important control associations and their presidents, see MITI, 1964, pp. 45865, 508.

60. Shiroyama, Aug. 1975, pp. 31112.

61. Bisson, p. 3.

62. Peattie, p. 219.

Page 353

Five

1. Cohen, p. 54.

2. MITI, 1964, p. 501.

3. Arisawa, 1937, pp. 4546 and note.

4. Kakuma, 1979a, pp. 23839.

5. MITI, 1965, pp. 16465.

6. MITI, 1964, p. 488.

7. Tanaka, pp. 25, 111.

8. Hadley, p. 124.

9. See Important Industries Council. This work includes an informative article by Yamamoto Takayuki, then chief of the Production Expansion Section in the General Affairs Bureau. It also includes a list of key corporate personnel. In addition, see Tsukata, pp. 3442.

10. MITI, 1965, p. 275.

11. See MITI, 1960, pp. 1045; and

Tsusan

*

jyanaru

*, May 24, 1975, p. 25.

12. Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Monograph 48, "Textile Industries," p. 73.

13. For the text of this policy, as well as the two ordinances, see MITI, 1964, pp. 56272. See also Kakuma, 1979a, pp. 23738.

14. Cohen, p. 56.

15. Tanaka, p. 260; and Maeda, in Arisawa, 1976, p. 212.

16. Bisson, p. 96.

17. MITI, 1964, p. 524.

18.

Radio Report on the Far East

, no. 28 (Aug. 31, 1943), p. A20.

19. On Fujihara's secret appointment, see

ibid.

, no. 34 (Nov. 24, 1943), p. A1; for his critique, see MITI, 1964, p. 525.

20. The most important primary source on the Munitions Ministry and the Munitions Companies Law is Kitano Kitano worked in MCI and the Ministry of Munitions from 1926 to 1946; he retired as chief of MCI's Mining Bureau. From November 1943 to November 1944 he was chief of the Documents Section in the Munitions Ministry. On the nationalization of the munitions factories during the last weeks of the war, see MITI, 1965, p. 382 (s.v. entries for June 8 and July 10, 1945); and Roberts, p. 362.

21. Bisson, pp. 116, 202.

22. Nawa, 1974, p. 28.

23. Okochi*, "Nihon no gyosei* soshiki" (The organization of administration in Japan), in Tsuji, 2: 9293.

24. Kishi, Oct. 1979, pp. 29899.

25. See Imai. See also Tajiri, p. 115.

26. The full details of the postwar recreation of MCI have never been revealed by the participants. For Yamamoto's and Shiina's comments, see MITI, 1960, pp. 49, 103, 114. Nawa Taro* of the

Asahi shimbun

, writing under both his own name and his pseudonym of Akaboshi Jun, has supplied the information about the other participants. See Nawa, 1974, p. 29; and Akaboshi, pp. 1516. Nawa is probably mistaken about Hirai's being present; according to Hirai himself, he worked in Singapore from 1942 to December 1945. See

Tsusan jyanaru

, May 24, 1975, p. 29. For evidence of the deep hostility to the military within MM, see the memoirs of Sahashi, 1967, pp. 7476.

27. Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Monograph 13, "Reform of Civil Service," pp. 2425.

28.

Ibid.

, p. 27.

Page 354

29. For a discussion of how close SCAP came to producing a communist revolution in Japan, see Johnson, 1972.

30. For a breakdown of the ranks within Japanese companies, see JETRO,

Doing Business in Japan

(Tokyo: JETRO, 1973), p. 9. For a biography of Yoshida, see J. W. Dower,

Empire and Aftermath: Yoshida Shigeru and the Japanese Experience 18781954

(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979).

31. Hadley, p. 72.

32. "U.S. Banker Honored Here,"

Japan Times

, Sept. 20, 1975.

33.

Tsusan

*

jyanaru

*, May 24, 1975, pp. 4445.