Chalmers Johnson - MITI and the Japanese miracle

18. Yoshida Biography Committee, p. 76.

19. Arisawa, 1976, p. 147; Ito* Mitsuharu; and Osawa*, pp. 20428.

20. On Ogawa and his purge of MCI, see Akimi, pp. 14445; Kakuma, 1979a, p. 221; Kishi, Sept. 1979, pp. 28283; Kurzman, p. 118; Shiroyama, Aug. 1975, p. 306; and Yoshimoto, pp. 9296.

21. Yoshino Shinji, 1962, pp. 281, 28589.

22. See Murase Memorial Editorial Committee, pp. 10510, 698, 71115; and MITI, 1960, pp. 9294.

23. Yoshino Shinji, 1962, pp. 29091.

24. Nakamura, 1974, pp. 2123; Peattie, pp. 20817. Peattie notes the influence of Soviet economic planning on the Manchurian five year plan.

25. See Tajiri, pp. 11314; MITI, 1960, 1012; Shiina, 1970, pp. 18687; Shiina, 1976, pp. 1078; Kishi, Sept. 1979, pp. 28488; and Kishi, in

Tsusan

*

jyanaru

*, May 24, 1975, p. 21.

26. Domestic Political History Research Association, p. 129. Tanaka Shin'ichi, the subject of this monograph, was an official with the South Manchurian Railroad until 1937, when he joined one of Ayukawa's Mangyo* firms. From there he transferred to the Cabinet Planning Board, and from there to MM, MCI, and MITI.

27. Kakuma, 1979a, pp. 16769, 19596. For the law itself, see MITI, 1964, pp. 8889. Kogane Yoshiteru also participated in drafting the law. See Nishiyama, pp. 1038.

28. MITI, 1964, p. 238.

29. Yamamura, in Borg and Okamoto, pp. 28889, 300.

30. History of Industrial Policy Research Institute, 1975, 2: 17173. See also Yoshitomi, pp. 14855.

31. Industrial Policy Research Institute, p. 234; MITI, 1960, pp. 12324.

32. Shiroyama, Aug. 1975, p. 307; Berger, pp. 12324.

33. Yoshino Shinji Memorial Society, pp. 29599. See also Yoshino's pamphlet of late 1937,

Nihon kokumin ni uttau

(Report to the Japanese people).

Page 352

34. Yoshino Shinji, 1962, pp. 36566; History of Industrial Policy Research Institute, 1975, 2: 17677.

35. Nakamura, 1974, p. 44.

36. MITI, 1964, p. 141.

37. History of Industrial Policy Research Institute, 1975, 2: 271.

38. For a table of the 41 most important imperial ordinances derived from the law, see Arisawa, 1976, p. 156.

39. It might be noted that

busshi

doin

*

keikaku

is also the technical Japanese term for Soviet-type planning. See Ueno, p. 16. Concerning the original Japanese butsudo, Ito* comments that "conceptually, it was a plan for materials mobilization, budgeting in materials in place of what was formerly expressed with currency." Ito Mitsuharu, p. 361.

40. On the influence of the butsudo and Soviet precedents, see Nakamura, 1974, pp. 24, 16467; MITI, 1964, p. 124; and Tanaka, p. 655. Publication of the book by Tanaka was sponsored by Inaba Hidezo*, Tokunaga Hisatsugu, Sahashi Shigeru, and other leaders of postwar industrial policy.

41. Tanaka, p. 11.

42. Arisawa, 1976, pp. 14952; Inaba, 1965, pp. 22, 4044.

43. Inaba, 1965, pp. 26, 59; Ito Mitsuharu, p. 362; and Tanaka, preface.

44. Two MITI vice-ministers have drawn attention to their work on the butsudo*Hirai Tomisaburo* (

Tsusan

*

jyanaru

*, May 24, 1975, pp. 2830) and Ueno Koshichi* (MITI, 1960, p. 123). Ueno specifically mentions Sakomizu Hisatsune as a central figure in creating and executing the butsudo.

45. Nakamura, 1974, p. 63.

46. Yoshino Shinji Memorial Society, pp. 31012.

47. Shiroyama, Aug. 1975, p. 308.

48. In Morley, p. 311.

49. Maeda, 1968, pp. 3132; Kumagai, quoted in Suzuki Yukio, 1969, pp. 9293.

50. MITI, 1964, p. 148.

51. See Miyake.

52. See "Nihon keizai no saihensei to Ryu* Shintaro*," in Goto* Ryunosuke*,

Showa

*

kenkyu

*

kai

(The Showa* Research Association) (Tokyo: Keizai Orai* Sha, 1968), pp. 22534.

53. See Arisawa, 1976, pp. 200203; Nakamura, 1974, pp. 95102; and MITI, 1964, pp. 44449. For an interesting defense of the Economic New Structure, see Tsukata.

54. Anderson, pp. 149, 154.

55. Kakuma, 1979a, p. 231; and Imai.

56. Fujiwara, p. 446.