Sindo Kou - Welding Metallurgy

4 3.4 In electron beam welding with the surface melting mode, which driving force for flow is expected to dominate?

5 3.5Name the four different driving forces for weld pool convection.In GMAW with spray metal transfer, is there an additional driving force for weld pool convection besides the four in (a)? If so, explain what it is and sketch the flow pattern in the pool caused by this force alone.

6 3.6 Paraffin has been used to study weld pool Marangoni convection. The surface tension of molten paraffin decreases with increasing temperature, and convection is dominated by the surface‐tension effect. A thin slice of paraffin is sandwiched between two vertical pieces of glass, and its top surface is in contact with the tips of two hot soldering irons to produce a weld pool that penetrates downward into the thin slice, as shown in Figure P3.6. Sketch and explain the flow pattern and the shape of the pool. Figure P3.6Paraffin sandwiched between two vertical pieces of glass. Top surface is in contact with the tips of two hot soldering irons to produce a weld pool that penetrates into the thin slice.

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