Siegfried Siegesmund - Monument Future

Table 1: Material properties of the limestone samples based on the laboratory studies.

Regarding its rich cultural, social and religious diversity, Mardin is an extraordinary example of an architectural ensemble. The weathering forms developed on monuments and the physico-mechanical properties of the limestone material have been discussed in the present study. The field surveys indicate that there are numerous weathering forms of various sizes, including efflorescence, alveolization, erosion, deposits and biological colonization, pigeon droppings on the monuments, which are evidence of the destruction and deterioration in progress. The physico-mechanical properties demonstrate that the questioned limestone samples have very high porosity, very low unit weight and weak compression strength. The durability of the material assessed by saturation coefficient and wet-to-dry strength ratio. It can be inferred from the assessment that, all the limestone samples have saturation coefficients of less than 0.8, which means the samples should not be susceptible to frost damage; however, this coefficient alone is not a reliable guide for evaluating the frost susceptibility and durability of rock material. On the other hand, the wet-to-dry strength ratio, limestone samples reflecting less durability. Considering the field observations, these results can be reliable for freshly quarried limestones. Further non-destructive investigations should be performed on the monuments and the results should be correlated with the fresh ones.

The author wishes to thank the Dicle University/Scientific Research Project Coordination Office (DÜBAP), for the financial support under the grant number MÜHENDİSLİK.18.007.

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Miloš Drdácký 1, Marek Eisler 2, Rolf Krompholz 3

IN: SIEGESMUND, S. & MIDDENDORF, B. (EDS.): MONUMENT FUTURE: DECAY AND CONSERVATION OF STONE.

– PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON THE DETERIORATION AND CONSERVATION OF STONE –

VOLUME I AND VOLUME II. MITTELDEUTSCHER VERLAG 2020.

1Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Heritage Science, Prosecká 76, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic, drdacky@itam.cas.cz

2Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Diagnostics and Conservation of Monuments, Prosecká 76, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic, eisler@itam.cas.cz

3GEOTRON-ELEKTRONIK, Leite 2, D - 01796 Pirna, Germany, service@geotron.de

This paper introduces a portable ultrasonic double-hole probe capable of recording changes in material properties along a depth profile and assessing consolidant penetration depth. Application of the device requires drilling two 20 mm holes of arbitrary distance in the surface layer of the masonry. The holes can be drilled directly into a continuous stone block or advantageously in the mortar joints between blocks, provided that appropriate contacts are achieved between the probe transmitter and receiver and the continuous stone. This moderately destructive method is useful mainly for conducting measurements on stone masonry façades or structures in which drilling holes, with subsequent repair, is acceptable. Consolidation assessment is demonstrated on quartz sandstone blocks in a laboratory as well as on a masonry wall made of the same ashlar blocks. The probe is fully compatible with ultrasonic laboratory equipment, e. g. UKS 12 or UKS 14 Geotron Elektronik.

Controlled structural impregnation and consolidation of porous materials require a reliable technique that enables the assessment of consolidation effects, especially the penetration depth of consolidating agents.