Ewald F. Fuchs - Introduction to Energy, Renewable Energy and Electrical Engineering

wwaveshapingWwork/energy, iron‐core widthWCwork stored in capacitorWcoreenergy stored in iron coreWgapenergy stored in air gapWL(t)energy/work stored in inductor as a function of timeWswatt‐seconds

xx‐coordinate of x‐y spatial rectangular system, variable of integration(x, y, z)Cartesian coordinate system with x, y, z componentsx(t)x‐variable as a function of timeXreactance, variable for voltage and currentXMamplitude of time function x(ωt)Xmmagnetizing/cross‐branch reactance of transformerXlsleakage reactance of secondary windingXlineper phase reactance of distribution/transmission line secondary leakage reactance referred to primary side of transformerXlpleakage reactance of primary windingXrms = Xeffroot‐mean‐square (rms) or effective (eff) value of a quantityXloadload reactance

yy‐coordinate of x‐y spatial rectangular system, subscript refers to admittance Ywinding connected in wye/Y/star phasor admittance as a function of angular velocity or frequency ωY‐Y or Y/Yprimary and secondary windings of three‐phase transformer are connected in wye or starY‐Δ or Y/Δprimary winding of three‐phase transformer is connected in wye and secondary winding in delta cross‐branch phasor admittance of transformer admittance phasorYMamplitude of sinusoidal/cosinusoidal time function y(ωt)

zz‐coordinate of a spatial x, y, z or r, φ, z system impedance phasor zeros of transfer function G(jω) from 1, …, m phasor impedance as a function of angular velocity or frequency ω capacitive phasor impedance inductive phasor impedanceZZener diode complex number phasor load impedance phasor load impedance when in Δ connection phasor impedance of ith Y‐connected transformer load phasor impedance of ith Δ‐connected transformer load phasor impedance of first Δ‐connected transformer load phasor impedance of second Δ‐connected transformer load phasor impedance of first Y‐connected transformer load phasor impedance of second Y‐connected transformer load phasor impedance of Y‐connected transformer load phasor impedance of first connected transformer load phasor impedance of second connected transformer load phasor transmission/distribution line impedance phasor input impedance of primary circuit phasor reflected impedance of secondary circuit as viewed from primary circuit phasor output impedance of secondary circuit impedance of secondary winding of transformer impedance of secondary winding referred to the primary side of the transformer cross‐branch/magnetizing impedance of transformer impedance of primary winding of transformer phasor load impedance of secondary circuit referred to primary circuit of transformer phasor total impedanceZoutoutput impedanceZininput impedanceZCSelectronic zero‐current switchzigzagzigzag transformer (a special type of three‐phase transformer) phasor value of load impedanceZnOzinc oxide

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www.wiley.com/go/fuchs/renewableenergyandelectricalengineering

There you will find valuable material designed to enhance your learning, including:

Learning outcomes for all chapters

Color version of figures

Instructor Manual (309 pages) contains solutions to Problems (157) listed at the end of chapters