Intelligent Renewable Energy Systems

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright

4 Preface

5 1 Optimization Algorithm for Renewable Energy Integration 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Mixed Discrete SPBO 1.3 Problem Formulation 1.4 Comparison of the SPBO Algorithm in Terms of CEC-2005 Benchmark Functions 1.5 Optimum Placement of RDG and Shunt Capacitor to the Distribution Network 1.6 Conclusions References

6 2 Chaotic PSO for PV System Modelling 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Proposed Method 2.3 Results and Discussions 2.4 Conclusions References

7 3 Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Techniques in Island Detection in a Smart Grid 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Islanding in Power System 3.3 Island Detection Methods 3.4 Application of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Island Detection Methods 3.5 Conclusion References

8 4 Intelligent Control Technique for Reduction of Converter Generated EMI in DG Environment 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Grid Connected Solar PV System 4.3 Control Strategies for Grid Connected Solar PV System 4.4 Electromagnetic Interference 4.5 Intelligent Controller for Grid Connected Solar PV System 4.6 Results and Discussion 4.7 Conclusion References

9 5 A Review of Algorithms for Control and Optimization for Energy Management of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Optimization and Control of HRES 5.3 Optimization Techniques/Algorithms 5.4 Use of GA In Solar Power Forecasting 5.5 PV Power Forecasting 5.6 Advantages 5.7 Disadvantages 5.8 Conclusion Appendix A: List of Abbreviations References

10 6 Integration of RES with MPPT by SVPWM Scheme 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Multilevel Inverter Topologies 6.3 Multilevel Inverter Modulation Techniques 6.4 Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) 6.5 Simulation Results 6.6 Conclusion References

11 7 Energy Management of Standalone Hybrid Wind-PV System 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Hybrid Renewable Energy System Configuration & Modeling 7.3 PV System Modeling 7.4 Wind System Modeling 7.5 Modeling of Batteries 7.6 Energy Management Controller 7.7 Simulation Results and Discussion 7.8 Conclusion References

12 8 Optimization Technique Based Distribution Network Planning Incorporating Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Load and WTDG Modeling 8.3 Objective Functions 8.4 Mathematical Formulation Based on Fuzzy Logic 8.5 Solution Algorithm 8.6 Simulation Results and Analysis 8.7 Conclusion References

13 9 User Interactive GUI for Integrated Design of PV Systems 9.1 Introduction 9.2 PV System Design 9.3 Economic Considerations 9.4 PV System Standards 9.5 Design of GUI 9.6 Results 9.7 Discussions 9.8 Conclusion and Future Scope 9.9 Acknowledgement References

14 10 Situational Awareness of Micro-Grid Using Micro-PMU and Learning Vector Quantization Algorithm 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Micro Grid 10.3 Phasor Measurement Unit and Micro PMU 10.4 Situational Awareness: Perception, Comprehension and Prediction 10.5 Conclusion References

15 11 AI and ML for the Smart Grid 11.1 Introduction 11.2 AI Techniques 11.3 Machine Learning (ML) 11.4 Home Energy Management System (HEMS) 11.5 Load Forecasting (LF) in Smart Grid 11.6 Adaptive Protection (AP) 11.7 Energy Trading in Smart Grid 11.8 AI Based Smart Energy Meter (AI-SEM) References

16 12 Energy Loss Allocation in Distribution Systems with Distributed Generations 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Load Modelling 12.3 Mathematical Model 12.4 Solution Algorithm 12.5 Results and Discussion 12.6 Conclusion References

17 13 Enhancement of Transient Response of Statcom and VSC Based HVDC with GA and PSO Based Controllers 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Design of Genetic Algorithm Based Controller for STATCOM 13.3 Design of Particle Swarm Optimization Based Controller for STATCOM 13.4 Design of Genetic Algorithm Based Type-1 Controller for VSCHVDC 13.5 Conclusion References

18 14 Short Term Load Forecasting for CPP Using ANN 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Working of Combined Cycle Power Plant 14.3 Implementation of ANN for Captive Power Plant 14.4 Training and Testing Results 14.5 Conclusion 14.6 Acknowlegdement References

19 15 Real-Time EVCS Scheduling Scheme by Using GA 15.1 Introduction 15.2 EV Charging Station Modeling 15.3 Real Time System Modeling for EVCS 15.4 Results and Discussion 15.5 Conclusion References

20 About the Editors

21 Index

22 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Flowchart of the SPBO algorithm. Figure 1.2 Variation of load demand (pu) and solar power generation (pu) with lo... Figure 1.3 Variation of active power loss before and after placement of DGs to t... Figure 1.4 Variation of VDI before and after placement of DGs to the 33-bus dist... Figure 1.5 Voltage profile of the 33-bus distribution network before and after p... Figure 1.6 Variation of active power loss before and after placement of DGs to t... Figure 1.7 Variation of VDI before and after placement of DGs to the 69-bus dist... Figure 1.8 Voltage profile of 69-bus distribution network before and after place...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 I-V curves for the proposed CPSO techniques Kyocera (KC200GT multi-cr...Figure 2.2 P-V curves of all the variants of CPSO Kyocera (KC200GT multi-crystal...Figure 2.3 Convergence plots of each variant of CPSO with other compared algorit...Figure 2.4 I-V curves of the proposed CPSO technique for Canadian solar (CS6K 28...Figure 2.5 P-V curves of all variants of CPSO for Canadian solar (CS6K 280M mono...Figure 2.6 Convergences curves of the proposed methods for the Canadian solar (C...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Typical microgrid system.Figure 3.2 Island detection methods.Figure 3.3 Passive island detection methods.Figure 3.4 Active island detection methods.Figure 3.5 Signal processing island detection methods.Figure 3.6 Classifier island detection methods.Figure 3.7 Flowchart of islanding classification techniques using machine learni...Figure 3.8 Schematic diagram of a decision tree.Figure 3.9 Schematic diagram of an artificial neural network.Figure 3.10 Schematic diagram of fuzzy logic.Figure 3.11 Schematic diagram of an artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system.Figure 3.12 Schematic diagram of static vector machine.Figure 3.13 Schematic diagram of a random forest.

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Grid connected solar PV system.Figure 4.2 Solar PV configurations.Figure 4.3 Source, victim and coupling path of EMI.Figure 4.4 Block diagram of fuzzy logic controller.Figure 4.5 CM EMI at input side of inverter.Figure 4.6 DM EMI at input side of inverter.Figure 4.7 Total EMI at input side of inverter.Figure 4.8 CM EMI at input side of inverter.Figure 4.9 DM EMI at input side of inverter.Figure 4.10 Total EMI at input side of inverter.

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 (a) HRES scheme with a combination of solar and wind energy [9]. (b) ...Figure 5.2 A hybrid renewable energy system energy management scheme [13].Figure 5.3 Flow chart of optimization employing Genetic Algorithm [45].Figure 5.4 Genetic algorithms for optimization issue purpose.Figure 5.5 (a) Solar power forecasting [64]. (b) Forecasting of PI for 5 min ahe...Figure 5.6 Forecasting of PV power generation [67].Figure 5.7 Short-term predicting [68].Figure 5.8 Medium term predicting [69].Figure 5.9 Long term forecasting [69].

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Single phase H-bridge inverter.Figure 6.2 Basic topology of NPC: (a) three-level and (b) five-level.Figure 6.3 Generalised circuit of inverter: (a) three-level and (b) five-level.Figure 6.4 Multilevel modulation techniques.Figure 6.5 Nearest level selection: (a) waveform synthesis and (b) control diagr...Figure 6.6 (a) PD, (b) POD and (c) APOD.Figure 6.7 Five-level converter output voltage with PD-LSPWM.Figure 6.8 Five level converter of phase shifted waveform, nature of the output ...Figure 6.9 Single diode model of PV cell.Figure 6.10 P-V Array characteristics at different temperature and constant irra...Figure 6.11 Control scheme of grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) twenty seven-lev...Figure 6.12 PV inputs (a) change in irradiance and (b) change in temperature.Figure 6.13 PV output response w.r.t change in irradiance and temperature (a) po...Figure 6.14 Boost converter output voltage.Figure 6.15 Twenty seven level inverter output line voltage.Figure 6.16 Voltage and injected current at the grid (a) output voltage of the s...Figure 6.17 Line current and voltage injected in to the grid.Figure 6.18 Power injected in to the grid w.r.t, PV array inputs.