2D Monoelements

1 Cover

2 Title page

3 Copyright

4 Preface

5 1 Phosphorene: A 2D New Derivative of Black Phosphorous 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Pristine 2D BP 1.3 Phosphorene Oxides 1.4 Conclusion Acknowledgment References

6 2 Antimonene: A Potential 2D Material 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Fundamental Characteristics 2.3 Experimental Preparation 2.4 Applications of Antimonene 2.5 Conclusion and Outlook References

7 3 Synthesis and Properties of Graphene-Based Materials 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Applications 3.3 Structure 3.4 Physical Properties 3.5 Conclusions References

8 4 Theoretical Study on Graphene Oxide as a Cancer Drug Carrier 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Molecular Interaction of Biomolecules and Graphene Oxide 4.3 Computational Method 4.4 Results and Discussion 4.5 Conclusion References

9 5 High-Quality Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Produced from MOFs and Their Supercapacitor Application 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Carbonization of MOFs 5.3 Effect of MOF Pyrolysis Temperature on Porosity and Pore Size Distribution 5.4 MOF Derived Carbon as Supercapacitor Electrodes 5.5 Conclusions and Perspectives Acknowledgement References

10 6 Application of Two-Dimensional Monoelements-Based Material in Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing and Biosensing 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Field-Effect Transistor 6.3 Application of 2D Monoelements in Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing and Biosensing 6.4 Conclusions and Perspectives References

11 7 Supercapacitor Electrodes Utilizing Graphene-Based Ternary Composite Materials 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Charge Storage Mechanism of a Supercapacitor Device 7.3 Graphene and its Functionalized Forms 7.4 Varieties of Graphene-Based Ternary Composite 7.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives References

12 8 Graphene: An Insight Into Electrochemical Sensing Technology 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Electronic Band Structure of Graphene 8.3 Electrochemical Influence of the Graphene Due to Doping Effect 8.4 Exfoliation of Graphite: Chemistry Behind Scientific Approach 8.5 Electrochemical Reduction of Oxidized Graphene 8.6 Spectroscopic Study of Graphene 8.7 Biotechnical Functionalization of Graphene 8.8 Graphene Technology in Sensors 8.9 Conclusion Acknowledgements References

13 9 Germanene 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Structural Arrangements 9.3 Fundamental Properties of Germanene 9.4 Applications of Germanene 9.5 Conclusions References

14 10 2D Graphene Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Applications of Graphene in Biomedicine 10.3 Conclusion References

15 11 Graphene and Graphene-Integrated Materials for Energy Device Applications 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Graphene-Integrated Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) 11.3 Graphene-Integrated Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors (SCs) 11.4 Conclusion References

16 Index

17 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Binding and dominant mechanisms of graphene oxide with various cancer ...

2 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Quantitative and qualitative aspects of the pore features for the prev...Table 5.2 Comparative table listing specific capacitance obtained for various MO...

3 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Below table summarizes various elements in the periodic table which ca...Table 6.2 Different types of two-dimensional monoelements (Xenes) and their vari...

4 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Advantages and disadvantages of the graphene preparative methods.Table 8.2 Experimental parameters in the graphene sensing technology.Table 8.3 Graphene based assay for glucose analyte.Table 8.4 Fluoroscence sensing technology in nucleic acid/aptamer assay.Table 8.5 Bond order and bond length of gas molecules.Table 8.6 Sensitivity of the drug and antioxidant sensors.

5 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Structural and electronic parameters of elemental structures. Electron...Table 9.2 Structural and electronic parameters of hydrogenated elemental structu...

6 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Comparison of the different types of capacitors [107].

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Optimized crystallographic structure of (a) 3D BP and (b) 2D BP. Figure 1.2 Graph of electronic features corresponding to 2D BP. (a) the band str... Figure 1.3 Absorption spectra for undeformed monolayer phosphorene with 0% strai... Figure 1.4 (a) and (b) dielectric function, (c) absorption coefficient, (d) refl... Figure 1.5 Polar plot of (a) Young modulus in J/m 2and (b) positive and negative... Figure 1.6 Monolayer phosphorene under different values of in-plane compressive ... Figure 1.7 The three possible adsorption sites. Figure 1.8 DOS of spin up and down of adatoms. Figure 1.9 Configurations of 50% oxidized phosphorene: (a) dangling structures a... Figure 1.10 GGA and GW band structures of half-oxidized structures. Figure 1.11 Absorption coefficient of dangling structures (on the left) and brid... Figure 1.12 Excitons wave functions. Black balls represent the holes. Figure 1.13 Part of polar plots of (a) Young modulus, (b) Poisson ratios. Figure 1.14 (a) Top and (b) side views of phosphorene oxides PO. Figure 1.15 Phosphorene oxide (a) band structure and density of states, (b) phon... Figure 1.16 Absorption spectrum and exciton wavefunction for the first transitio... Figure 1.17 Mode-dependent anharmonic phonon relaxation time for acoustic modes.

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 (a) Top views of the relaxed antimonene monolayer allotropic forms wi... Figure 2.2 HSE06 calculated electronic band structures of trilayer, bilayer, and... Figure 2.3 (a) Diagram of the steps involved in the sophisticated version of mec... Figure 2.4 (a) Optical image of a dispersion of exfoliated few-layer antimonene.... Figure 2.5 (a) Schematic diagram of the synthesis process of antimonene by the v... Figure 2.6 (a) Schematic of growth process of monolayer antimonene on 2D PdTe 2s... Figure 2.7 (a) Phase shift of the antimonene-based AOM as a function of pump pow... Figure 2.8 (a) Current-density-voltage (J-V) curves of devices without (Device 1... Figure 2.9 (a) LSV curves of bulk Sb- and SbNSs-modified glassy carbon electrode... Figure 2.10 (a) The first and two charge/discharge cycles of the SbNS-G film at ... Figure 2.11 (a) Time-dependent photothermal heating curves of PEG-modified AMQDs...

3 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 The graphene transformation as layered graphene, carbon nanotube, and... Figure 3.2 Chemical structure. Figure 3.3 Orbital structure. Figure 3.4 Synthesis methods of graphene.Figure 3.5 Organic structure of graphene.

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Schematic representation of (a) graphene and (b) graphene oxide.Figure 4.2 Schematic representation of interaction between graphene oxide with s...Figure 4.3 Schematic representation of binding coordinate between graphene oxide...Figure 4.4 Schematic representation of binding coordinate between graphene oxide...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 (a) Schematic diagram showing various types of porous materials [23–2...Figure 5.2 (a) Schematic representation of the structure of metal organic framew...Figure 5.3 MOFs used as templates and/or precursors for the fabrication of porou...Figure 5.4 (a) Nitrogen-enriched carbon tubes (NCNTs) derived from ZIF-67 MOF @ ...Figure 5.5 (a) N 2adsorption-desorption isotherms of the N-doped porous carbon (...Figure 5.6 Charge storage mechanism in supercapacitors (SC). (a) Electric double...Figure 5.7 Schematic diagram representing the difference between the charge stor...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Application of 2D monoelements in field-effect transistor for sensing...Figure 6.2 Schematic figure of field-effect transistor.

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Charge storage mechanism in EDLC.Figure 7.2 Charge storage mechanism via redox reactions-based pseudocapacitance.Figure 7.3 TEM images of reduced graphene oxide prepared by modified Hummers met...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Band structure of graphene. The conductance band touches the valence ...Figure 8.2 The hall mark of massless Dirac fermions is QHE plateau in σ xyat hal...Figure 8.3 Doping graphene. Position of the Dirac point and the Fermi level of p...Figure 8.4 Structural model for (a) as-prepared GO; (b) GO after treatment at 10...Figure 8.5 Optimized structure of 10-AGNRs with gas molecule adsorption: (a) CO,...