Joseph Kraynak - Oceans For Dummies

Oceans For Dummies®

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2020951792

ISBN 978-1-119-65443-8 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-65444-5 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-119-65445-2 (ebk)

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright

4 Introduction About This Book Foolish Assumptions Icons Used in This Book Beyond the Book Where to Go from Here

5 Part 1: Getting Started with Your Ocean Voyage Chapter 1: Brushing Up on Ocean Fundamentals Taking a Nickel Tour of the Ocean(s) Going with the Flow: The Physical Properties of the Ocean Meeting the Ocean’s Inhabitants Exploring the Complex and Evolving Human-Ocean Relationship Chapter 2: Appreciating the Ocean’s Many Gifts Supplying Over Half of the World’s Oxygen Playing a Key Role in Regulating Climate and Weather Producing Protein for Billions of People Contributing Trillions to the Global Economy Serving as a Source of Mystery and Wonder Chapter 3: Looking Back at the Ocean’s History (and Prehistory) Discovering How the Ocean Got Its Start Tracing the Evolution of Ocean Life Taking the Earth’s Present Evolutionary Pulse Looking Ahead: What’s in Store for the Ocean’s Future?

6 Part 2: Finding Your Way Around Chapter 4: Mapping the Ocean by Zones Dividing the Ocean into Three Horizontal Zones Exploring the Five Vertical Zones of the Water Column Acknowledging the Existence of Other Zones Chapter 5: Checking Out the Neighborhoods: The Ocean’s Ecosystems Hugging the Shore Swimming through Kelp Forests Swirling in Sargasso: A Sea without Borders Grazing in the Seagrass Meadows Building Their Own Communities: Reefs Chilling Out at the Poles Living Under Extreme Conditions: Deep Ocean Ecosystems Moving Out and About: Migratory Species Chapter 6: Taking a Deeper Dive: Beneath the Ocean Grasping the Basics of Plate Tectonics Tracing the Contours of the Seafloor Chipping Away at Ocean Rock and Sediment Checking Out Deep-Sea Cores

7 Part 3: Sampling the Vast Diversity of Sea Life Chapter 7: Getting to Know the Mighty Microbes Meeting the Marine Microbes Recognizing the Importance of Microbes Looking at the Relationship between Microbes and Plankton Chapter 8: Sorting Out Algae, Seaweed, and Other Aquatic Vegetation All You Need to Know about Algae, and Then Some Shoring Up the Shoreline with Mangroves Not Your Typical Lawn: Seagrass Checking Out What’s Growing in the Salt Marshes Chapter 9: Getting the Lowdown on Simple Invertebrates Sponges and Other Holy Creatures: The Porifera Jellyfish, Anemones, and Other Notable Cnidarians Ctenophora (Comb Jellies) Starfish, Urchins, and Other Famous Echinoderms Squirmy Wormies: The Annelids Chapter 10: Getting Mushy over Mollusks Meet the Mother of All Mollusks Gastropods: Putting Their One Foot Forward Bivalves: Parts One and Two Cephalopods: Head and Tentacles Above the Rest Chapter 11: Wearing Their Skeletons on the Outside: Crustaceans What Makes a Crustacean a Crustacean? The Shrimpy Crustaceans: Branchiopoda Real Softies: Malacostraca (Soft-Shell Crustaceans) A New Twist on Putting Your Foot in Your Mouth: Maxillopoda Crustacean Cave Dwellers: The Remipedia Ostracoda What about Horseshoe Crabs? Chapter 12: Getting Chummy with Fish: Bony and Otherwise Look Ma, No Jaw! Agnatha Look Pa, No Bones! Chondrichthyes Check Out the Bones! Osteichthyes Chapter 13: Meeting a Few Marine Reptiles Everybody’s Favorite: Sea Turtles Will the Real Sea Serpent Please Slither Forward? The Only Lizard to Make the Cut: Marine Iguanas Saltwater Crocodiles Chapter 14: Bird Watching in and Near the Ocean Knowing What Makes a Bird a Shorebird or a Seabird Flying Way Below the Radar: Penguins Going Loony Courting Grebes Tubular, Dude! Albatross, Petrels, Shearwaters, and Fulmars Pelicans and Other Pelecaniformes Phaethontidae — Tropicbirds Sea Ducks and Geese: The Saltwater Variety A Curious Mix: The Charadriiformes Ospreys, Herons, Flamingos, and Other Seaside Attractions Chapter 15: Getting Warm and Fuzzy with Marine Mammals What Makes Marine Mammals So Special? Getting Acquainted with the Cetaceans: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Swimming with the Sirenians: Manatees and Dugongs Seals, Walruses, and Other Pinnipeds Stepping Out with the Marine Fissipeds

8 Part 4: Grasping Basic Ocean Physics Chapter 16: Following the Ocean in Motion Meeting the World’s Largest Wave Machine Upwelling and Downwelling in the Water Column Riding the Currents: The Ocean’s Global Conveyor Belt Knowing Where the Winds Blow Going Round and Round with Gyres Following the Ups and Downs of Sea Levels Chapter 17: Driving Climate and Weather Understanding the Ocean’s Role in Climate and Weather Letting Off Some Steam Understanding Climate Change and Global Warming