Denis Mercier - Spatial Impacts of Climate Change

1 Cover

2 Title Page SCIENCES Geography and Demography, Field Director – Denise Pumain Physical Geography, Construction of Environments and Landscapes , Subject Head – Étienne Cossart

3 Copyright First published 2020 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd 27-37 St George’s Road London SW19 4EU UK www.iste.co.uk John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2020 The rights of Denis Mercier to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Library of Congress Control Number: 2020947184 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78945-009-5 ERC code: LS8 Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology LS8_1 Ecosystem and community ecology, macroecology LS8_2 Biodiversity, conservation biology, conservation genetics LS9 Applied Life Sciences, Biotechnology, and Molecular and Biosystems Engineering LS9_4 Applied plant sciences (including crop production, plant breeding, agroecology, forestry, soil biology)

4 Introduction

5 1 Climate Change at Different Temporal and Spatial Scales 1.1 Contemporary global climate change 1.2 Contemporary Arctic-wide climate change 1.3 Future global climate change 1.4 Future Arctic-wide climate change 1.5 The causes of climate change 1.6 Conclusion 1.7 References

6 2 Climate Change and the Melting Cryosphere 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The sensitivity of the cryosphere to climate change 2.3 Melting of the marine cryosphere 2.4 Melting of the Earth's cryosphere 2.5 Consequences of the melting cryosphere 2.6 Conclusion 2.7 References

7 3 Between Warming and Globalization: Rethinking the Arctic at the Heart of a Stakes System 3.1 Spatial impacts of climate change in the Arctic 3.2 The manufacture of polar issues, between global warming and globalization 3.3 The production of polar doctrines: rhetoric and frameworks for action 3.4 Geography of a new system of stakeholder relations in the Arctic 3.5 Conclusion: polar metamorphisms 3.6 References

8 4 Coastlines with Increased Vulnerability to Sea-level Rise 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Coastlines under the influence of sea-level rise 4.3 increasingly attractive coastlines for societies 4.4 Towards the necessary adaptation of coastal areas 4.5 Which coastline for tomorrow? 4.6 References

9 5 The Consequences of Climate Change on the Paraglacial Sedimentary Cascade 5.1 The paraglacial sedimentary cascade: elements of definition 5.2 Sediment inputs to the paraglacial sedimentary cascade 5.3 Sediment fluxes within the paraglacial sedimentary cascade 5.4 Sedimentary stocks or the end of the paraglacial sedimentary cascade 5.5 Conclusion 5.6 References

10 6 Spatial Impacts of Climate Change on Periglacial Environments 6.1 introduction 6.2 Melting permafrost and paraperiglacial geomorphological crises 6.3 Periglacial coastal environments in high latitudes in the face of climate change 6.4 Periglacial environments at high altitudes in the face of climate change 6.5 Conclusion 6.6 References

11 7 The Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrological Dynamics of High Latitude Periglacial Environments 7.1 Periglacial regions strongly affected by recent climate change 7.2 The influence of permafrost on hydrological functioning 7.3 The response of Arctic fluvial hydrosystems to ongoing climate change 7.4 Conclusion 7.5 References

12 8 The Impacts of Climate Change on Watercourses in Temperate Environments 8.1 What is at stake? 8.2 Hydrological changes already “observable” 8.3 Hydrological projections 8.4 Conclusion 8.5 References

13 9 Spatial Impacts of Melting Central Asian Glaciers: towards a “Water War”? 9.1 Societies and economies dependent on the cryosphere 9.2 The impact of climate change on water resources 9.3 Conclusion 9.4 References

14 10 Spatial Impact of Climate Change on Winter Droughts in the Mediterranean and Consequences on Agriculture 10.1 Climate variability and change in the Mediterranean basin 10.2 Droughts during rainy seasons 10.3 Rainfall droughts in the Mediterranean: impacts on Spanish agrosystems 10.4 Rainfall droughts in the Mediterranean: projections for the future 10.5 Conclusion 10.6 References

15 11 The Spatial Impacts of Climate Change on Viticulture Around the World 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Recent climatic trends in the world's wine-growing regions 11.3 Climate zoning in viticulture 11.4 Impact of climate change: anticipating changes in the spatial distribution of vines 11.5 Conclusion 11.6 References

16 12 Climate Change in the Amazon: A Multi-scalar Approach 12.1 Introduction 12.2 The Amazonian climate system 12.3 A changing system: deforestation, warming and drying? 12.4 Uncertainties of future changes, perceptions and adaptations 12.5 Conclusion: a stake in the global negotiations 12.6 References

17 13 The Impacts of Climate Change on the Distribution of Biomes 13.1 Biomes, a representation of life on a global scale 13.2 Structural and functional impacts of climate change on terrestrial biomes 13.3 Spatializing change: biome modeling 13.4 Conclusion 13.5 References

18 14 Spatial Impacts of Climate Change on Birds 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Contemporary distributional changes 14.3 Different responses for different species 14.4 Conservation implications 14.5 Conclusion 14.6 References

19 List of Authors

20 Index

21 End User License Agreement

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Title Page SCIENCES Geography and Demography, Field Director – Denise Pumain Physical Geography, Construction of Environments and Landscapes , Subject Head – Étienne Cossart

4 Copyright First published 2020 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd 27-37 St George’s Road London SW19 4EU UK www.iste.co.uk John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2020 The rights of Denis Mercier to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Library of Congress Control Number: 2020947184 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78945-009-5 ERC code: LS8 Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology LS8_1 Ecosystem and community ecology, macroecology LS8_2 Biodiversity, conservation biology, conservation genetics LS9 Applied Life Sciences, Biotechnology, and Molecular and Biosystems Engineering LS9_4 Applied plant sciences (including crop production, plant breeding, agroecology, forestry, soil biology)