Urban Ecology and Global Climate Change

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright Page

4 List of Contributors

5 Foreword

6 Foreword

7 Section 1: Urban Ecology and Global Climate Change 1 Urban Ecology and Climate Change: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Components of Urban Ecology 1.3 Climate Change as Emerging Challenge for Urban Ecology 1.4 Bibliometric Analysis for Urban Ecology and Climate Change Nexus 1.5 Emerging Features of Urban Ecology for Mitigating Climate Change 1.6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions Acknowledgements References Web links 2 Climate Change, Urbanisation, and Their Impact on Increased Occurrence of Cardiometabolic Syndrome 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Overview of Cardiometabolic Syndromes 2.3 Pathophysiology of Cardiometabolic Syndromes 2.4 Urbanisation as a Factor to Increase Cardiometabolic and Cardiovascular Disorders 2.5 Climate Change as a Risk Factor to Increase the Occurrence of Cardiometabolic Syndrome 2.6 Conclusion Acknowledgements References

8 Section 2: Urban Landscape Design Using Emerging Techniques 3 An Alternative Sustainable City Framework to Tackle Climate Change Issues in India 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Urbanization and Its Consequences 3.3 Need for Alternative Sustainable Urban Development Model 3.4 Conclusion References 4 Integrated Water Resource Management for Future Water Security 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Significance of the Study 4.3 Methodology 4.4 Recommendations for an Integrated Management of Water Resources 4.5 Conclusion References 5 Water Urbanism and Multifunctional Landscapes 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Definitions and Perspectives in the Spectrum of Multifunctional Landscapes 5.3 Case Studies 5.4 Inferences from the Two Case Studies 5.5 Conclusion Acknowledgement References 6 Urban Landscape Change Detection Using GIS and RS 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Materials and Methods 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.4 Conclusion References 7 Emerging Techniques for Urban Resource Restoration of Various Ecosystem 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Urban Resources and Waste Generation 7.3 Composition of Urban Solid Waste 7.4 Threats from Urban Wastes 7.5 Emerging Techniques for Waste Treatment and Ecological Restoration 7.6 Mitigation and Remedial Measures for Urban Environmental Problems 7.7 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 8 Phytoremediation of Urban Air Pollutants 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Advantages of Phytoremediation 8.3 Disadvantages of Phytoremediation 8.4 Processes Encompassing Phytoremediation 8.5 Phytoremediation of Urban Air Pollutants 8.6 Plant–microbe Symbiosis in Phytoremediation of Urban Air Pollutants 8.7 Transgenic Plants for Phytoremediation of Air Pollutants 8.8 Conclusion References

9 Section 3: Biodiversity and Natural Resource Exploitation 9 Tree Benefits in Urban Environment and Incidences of Tree Vandalism: A Review for Potential Solutions 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Benefits of Urban Trees 9.3 Selection Criteria for the Urban Trees 9.4 Urban Trees Vandalism 9.5 Conclusions References 10 Environmental Status of Green Spaces in Bhaktapur District of Nepal – 2019 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Literature Review 10.3 Study Area 10.4 Methods 10.5 Results 10.6 Discussion 10.7 Conclusion References 11 Challenges and Opportunities of Establishing Jungle Flora Nursery in Urban Settlements 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Breeding Techniques: Jungle Flora Species 11.3 Challenges of Including Jungle Flora Species in Urban Nurseries 11.4 Overcoming the Challenges 11.5 Conclusion References 12 Effect of the Changing Climate and Urban Ecology on Spreading of Infectious Diseases Including SARS‐CoV‐2 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Spread and Emergence of Novel Fungal Infections with Changing Climate and Urban Ecology 12.3 Spread and Emergence of Newer Bacterial Infections with Change in Climate and Urban Ecology 12.4 Spread and Emergence of Newer Viral Infections with Change in Climate and Urban Ecology 12.5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References 13 Human–Wildlife Conflict in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region – An Empirical Study 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Methodology 13.3 Results and Discussion 13.4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References

10 Section 4: Urbanisation, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and Climate Change 14 Building Knowledge on Urban Sustainability in the Czech Republic 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Sustainable Development at a Local Level 14.3 Sustainability Assessment – A General View 14.4 Sustainability Assessment at the Local Level 14.5 Local Agenda 21 and Its Assessment in the Czech Republic 14.6 Urban Sustainability Audit – Implementation of the City Self‐assessment 14.7 Benefits and Challenges – Municipal Representatives and External Experts' Views 14.8 Key Findings and Conclusions 14.9 Limits of the Study References 15 A Sustainable Approach to Combat Climate Change Abbreviations 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Urbanisation and Climate Change 15.3 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 15.4 Sustainable Approaches to Combat Climate Change 15.5 Case Studies 15.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives References

11 Section 5: Climate Change and Threats to Ecological Conservation 16 Threats from Sea Level Rise and Erosion 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Materials and Methods 16.3 Results 16.4 Discussion 16.5 Conclusion References

12 Index

13 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 Bibliometric analysis results showing top 20 countries, top 10 res...

2 Chapter 2 Table 2.1 Obesity‐induced risk factors and associated comorbidities.

3 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Pollution data on the Adyar and Cooum rivers.Table 5.2 Multiple dimensions of Varanasi.Table 5.3 Inferences from the case studies on the basis of four parameters....

4 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Strength of agreement for Kappa statistics.Table 6.2 Overall land‐use area from 1990 to 2020.Table 6.3 Land‐use percentage change from 1990 to 2020.Table 6.4 Classification accuracy and overall Kappa statistics.

5 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Efficient plants and their metal accumulation potential.

6 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Plants and associated microbes decontaminating VOCs based on scree...

7 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Top five important criteria of tree vandalisation in urban areas....

8 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Weighted land use land cover (LULC).Table 10.2 Weighted NDVI values of green spaces.Table 10.3 Weight for each buffer distance to green spaces.Table 10.4 Random index (RI) values number of pairs (Kaewfak et al. 2021; Sa...Table 10.5 Environmental parameters weightage.Table 10.6 Confusion matrix for accuracy assessment.Table 10.7 Classification of environmental status values.

9 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Methods of propagation of a few jungle flora species.

10 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Some thermotolerant fungi and infections caused by them.Table 12.2 Some viruses and the diseases caused by them.

11 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Literature review.Table 13.2 List of NGOs and individuals contacted.Table 13.3 Data obtained from forest range offices.Table 13.4 Rescue data obtained from various NGOs and forest department.

12 Chapter 14Table 14.1 An example of guiding questions and related indicators of the env...Table 14.2 The views of sustainability self‐assessment's benefits and challe...

13 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Global initiatives set to fight climate change.Table 15.2 Various missions set under the umbrella of National Action Plan o...

14 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Details of the satellite datasets used for the current study.Table 16.2 Statistics of changes in EPR of Ghoramara Island.Table 16.3 Year‐wise difference in perimeter and area of the Ghoramara Islan...

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Bibliometric analysis results showing (a) year‐wise publication g... Figure 1.2 Thematic evolution of the urban ecology and climate change resear... Figure 1.3 Illustrative representation of the challenges of the urban ecosys...