Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright Page

4 List of Contributors

5 1 An Introduction to Magnetic Nanoparticles 1.1 Magnetism of Nanoparticles: From Bulk to Nanoscale 1.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles as a New Tool for Biomedical Applications 1.3 Conclusion References

6 Part I: Current Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles 2 Magnetic Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Biomedical Applications 2.3 Conclusions and Final Remarks Acknowledgments References 3 Clustering of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Clustering Theory 3.3 Clustering Methods 3.4 Theranostic Relevant Examples 3.5 Conclusion and General Remarks References 4 Multifunctional Bioactive Magnetic Scaffolds with Tailored Features for Bone Tissue Engineering 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: An Overview 4.3 Surface Presentation 4.4 Bioactive Magnetic Scaffolds 4.5 Conclusions and Final Remarks References 5 Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Development of Polymer Scaffolds for Medical Applications 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Production Methods for Scaffolds and Hydrogels Based on Polymer Nanocomposites Filled 5.3 Applications of Scaffolds Filled with MNPs 5.4 Conclusion References 6 Magnetic Polymer Colloids for Ultrasensitive Molecular Imaging 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Molecular Imaging 6.3 Development of MRI as a Tool for Ultrasensitive Molecular Imaging 6.4 Conclusion and Final Remarks Acknowledgments References 7 Iron oxide Nanoparticles in Anticancer Drug Delivery and Imaging Diagnostics 7.1 Introduction 7.2 SPIONs – Anticancer Drug Delivery 7.3 SPIONs in Imaging Techniques for Biomedical Applications 7.4 Conclusion References 8 Functional Addressable Magnetic Domains and Their Potential Applications in Theranostics 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Magnetite: The Addressable Compass 8.3 Magnetite Magnetic Moments 8.4 Magnetic Domains and Superparamagnetism in Magnetite Nanoparticles (MNPs) 8.5 SPIONs Synthesis 8.6 MNPs Functionalization 8.7 Theranostics: Concepts and Possibilities 8.8 Conclusion References 9 Nuclear/MR Magnetic Nanoparticle‐based Probes for Multimodal Biomedical Imaging 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Overview of Imaging Techniques 9.3 SPECT/PET/MRI Tracers 9.4 Conclusion and Final Remarks References

7 Part II: Magnetic Nanoparticles in Alternative Cancer Therapy 10 Magnetic Nanoparticles Hyperthermia 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Synthesis Methods 10.3 In Vitro/In Vivo and Preclinical MNH Research 10.4 State‐of‐the‐Art of MNH 10.5 Conclusion References 11 Drug Delivery and Magnetic Hyperthermia Based on Surface Engineering of Magnetic Nanoparticles 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Magnetic Properties of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 11.3 Surface Engineering of MNP 11.4 Surface Engineering of MNP in Magnetic Properties and Colloidal Stability 11.5 Surface Engineering of MNP in Drug Delivery and Magnetic Hyperthermia 11.6 MNP Surface Engineering for Drug Delivery: Hydrophobic Medicines 11.7 Conclusion and Outlook References 12 Improving Magneto‐thermal Energy Conversion Efficiency of Magnetic Fluids Through External DC Magnetic Field Induced Orientational Ordering 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Linear Response Model for RFAMF‐Induced Heating of Magnetic Nanofluids 12.3 Effect of Medium Viscosity on RFAMF Induced Heating Efficiency 12.4 External DC Magnetic Field‐Induced Orientational Ordering 12.5 Experimental Determination of RFAMF‐Induced Heating Efficiency 12.6 Enhancement of Heating Efficiency upon Orientational Ordering 12.7 Conclusion and Final Remarks References 13 Classical Magnetoliposomes vs. Current Magnetocyclodextrins with Ferrimagnetic Nanoparticles for High Efficiency and Low Toxicity in Noninvasive Alternative Therapy of Cancer by Magnetic/Superparamagnetic Hyperthermia 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Basic Physical Aspects That Lead to the Heating of MNPs 13.3 MNPs – Liposomes/ CDs as High Potential in Cancer Therapy by Magnetic/Superparamagnetic Hyperthermia 13.4 Specific Absorption Rate in SPMHT Using MLPs and MCDs 13.5 Conclusion Acknowledgments References 14 Efficiency of Energy Dissipation in Nanomagnets: A Theoretical Study of AC Susceptibility 14.1 Introduction 14.2 General Formalism: The SAR in Terms of the Dynamic Susceptibility 14.3 Linear and Nonlinear Susceptibility: Study of Two System Examples 14.4 Conclusion References 15 Magnetic Nanoparticle Relaxation in Biomedical Application: Focus on Simulating Nanoparticle Heating 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Theory of Magnetic Particle Heating 15.3 Predicting the Magnetic Particle Heating 15.4 Conclusion Appendix Acknowledgments References 16 Magnetic Nanoparticles in Alternative Tumors Therapy: Biocompatibility, Toxicity, and Safety Compared with Classical Methods 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Biocompatibility, Toxicity, and Safety of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Alternative Cancer Therapy 16.3 Conclusion References 17 The Size, Shape, and Composition Design of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Combine, MRI, Magnetic Hyperthermia, and Photothermia 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Structure, Magnetic Properties and Synthesis Methods of Iron Oxide NPs 17.3 Iron Oxide as Contrast Agent for MRI 17.4 Magnetic Hyperthermia with Iron Oxide NPs 17.5 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Used for Photothermal Treatment 17.6 Conclusion and Final Remarks References 18 Magnetic/Superparamagnetic Hyperthermia in Clinical Trials for Noninvasive Alternative Cancer Therapy 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Magnetic/Superparamagnetic Hyperthermia in Clinical Trials 18.3 Increase Efficacy of MHT/SPMHT in Cancer Treatment by Using Dual‐Therapy 18.4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References

8 Index

9 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 Magnetic susceptibility values for different bulk magnetic materi...

2 Chapter 2 Table 2.1 Examples of the MNPs clinically approved or in the phase of clini...

3 Chapter 4 Table 4.1 An overview of various biomaterials for tissue engineering applic...

4 Chapter 8Table 8.1 SPIONs theranostics contributions.

5 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Characteristics of preclinical imaging techniques with biomedical ...Table 9.2 Physicochemical characteristics of SPECT and PET emitters.Table 9.3 Most commonly used SPECT/PET emitters for Nuclear/MR or multimodal...

6 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Magnetic nanoparticles with potential use in hyperthermia and rel...Table 10.2 Synthesis methods of magnetic nanoparticles and alloys.

7 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Summary of important applications of MNP in drug delivery and mag...Table 11.2 Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS).

8 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Reduction in RFAMF‐induced heating efficiency with increasing med...Table 12.2 Essential magneto‐structural properties of the phosphate and TMAO...

9 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Magnetization and magnetic behavior of nanoparticles according to...Table 13.2 Classification of the lipid‐based liposome‐like vesicles and thei...Table 13.3 Classification of nonlipid‐based liposome‐like vesicles and their...Table 13.4 Benefits and limitations in cyclodextrin use as pharmaceutical in...

10 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Standard parameters used for the simulation of SLP values for LR...Table 15.2 Comparison of SLP dependencies from theories (LRT and SWMBT) and...

11 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Summary of in vitro studies performed in recent years highlightin...Table 16.2 In vivo toxicity results of SPIONs.Table 16.3 Some of the commercialized SPIONs which are used for different d...Table 16.4 Cytotoxicity of Fe 3O 4nanoparticles in different cell lines.Table 16.5 Representative magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic nanoparticle‐...Table 16.6 The distribution of MNPs in organs and tissues, depending on the...

12 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Size and shape control of the most reported synthesis methods of...Table 17.2 Some published values are reported in size, composition, and sha...